Prior observational studies have shown that higher levels of vegetables and fruits consumption are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, compared with the normal population, patients with CKD are more likely to consume less vegetables and fruits. Thus, the investigators aim to evaluate whether proving low-potassium content vegetables to this population are able to reach the recommended target of daily vegetables intake and not increase the risk of hyperkalemia.

Prior observational studies have shown that higher levels of vegetables and fruits consumption are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, compared with the normal population, patients with CKD are more likely to consume less vegetables and fruits. According to the suggestions from 2018 Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan, vegetables intake are at least 3 to 5 servings daily based on the daily energy requirement. In our own data, the average daily vegetables intake was only 2.1 servings among patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 not yet on dialysis. Therefore, the investigators aim to evaluate whether proving low-potassium content vegetables to patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 not yet on dialysis are able to reach the recommended target of daily vegetables intake and not increase the risk of hyperkalemia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• CKD stage 3b~5, not yet on dialysis
• Age ≥20 years
• Stable doses of medications for 4 weeks
• Serum potassium level: ≥3.5 and < 5.5 mmol/L

Exclusion Criteria:

• Anticipated to receive dialysis within 3 month
• Major gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease) or intestinal resection
• Patients with infection, malignancy, heart failure, liver cirrhosis or impaired cognitive or mental disorders
• Patients who are just hospitalized due to an acute cardiovascular events or infection 3 months prior to the start of study
• Patients with kidney transplants
• Patients who receive immunosuppressant
• Pregnant women or patients who are planning to become pregnant

We do not have IPD sharing plan.

Masking is not allowed in this study