To investigate the relationship between POD, TGF-β and INS-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway related proteins (ADNP, MAP6, PGC-1α) in diabetic patients

The study was a two-center, prospective，single blind (blinded to subjects and evaluators)，control, observational clinical study. Participants will collect 3 milliliters of blood from enrolled patients before surgery begins. The collected blood samples were processed and stored in -80℃ refrigerator. All samples were tested TGF-β and INS-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway related proteins (ADNP, MAP6, PGC-1α) by ELISA.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥65 years
2. History of diabetes ≥2 years and Glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% or no history of diabetes and normal blood glucose
3. The ASA rating is Class I to III
4. The elderly patients of limited thoracic and abdominal tumor surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Refused to participate
2. Previous history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease
3. History of alcohol abuse or drug dependence
4. Patients with ASA grade IV and above
5. Severe visual or hearing impairment, can not cooperate with the completion of cognitive function tests
6. Participants in other clinical trials within the last two months
7. Patients with severe arrhythmia or cardiac dysfunction(EF<40%)
8. There was a clear history of neurological and psychiatric problems or long-term use of sedatives or antidepressants
9. History of cerebrovascular disease or brain surgery or trauma
10. Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C) or severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis)

Elderly patients with a history of diabetes ≥2 years and a glycated hemoglobin of ≥6.5% or without a history of diabetes and a normal blood glucose level