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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Covenant House Toronto | OTHER |
| StepStones for Youth | UNKNOWN |
| Resource Association for Teens | OTHER |
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The idea for this study came from the research team's current study called Transitioning Youth Out of Homelessness (TYOH) 2.0, which provides coaching and a leadership guide to youth transitioning out of homelessness. Based on feedback from youth and coaches involved in that study, the research team plans to make small changes to the leadership guide and see if it works better as an in-person, four-week leadership program.
All participants in this study will be invited to attend an in-person, four-week leadership program. There will be two programs running at the same time: one in St. Catharines and one in Toronto. The goal is to have 15 participants in each program.
The main purpose of the study is to learn what participants think of the program. The second purpose is to see if there are changes in identity capital (feeling a sense of purpose and confidence in achieving goals) and knowledge about things that are covered in the program, when the research team compares participants' answers at the beginning and at the end of the program.
This project builds on the research team's current community-based randomized clinical trial (Transitioning Youth Out of Homelessness 2.0) utilizing coaching and a co-designed leadership guide to target identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem) for youth transitioning out of homelessness (all participants are also receiving rent subsidies). Based on preliminary feedback from study youth and coaches involved in the intervention arm, the research team will modify the leadership guide and pilot it in the form of an in-person, four-week leadership program (vs. independent learning in the current study).
The overarching objective of this mixed methods pilot project is to co-develop and test a strengths-based leadership program targeting identity capital for youth (16-24 years of age) transitioning out of homelessness. Specifically, the objectives are to:
If this modified delivery of the leadership guide shows promise, the research team plans to incorporate it into a national scale-up alongside rent subsidies and coaching.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Co-Designed Strengths-Based Leadership Program | Experimental | Young people transitioning out of homelessness will attend a four-week, strengths-based leadership program. Two four-week leadership programs (15 youth per program) will be led by coaches from the research team's current TYOH 2.0 study with youth advisors participating as paid leadership interns. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co-Designed Strengths-Based Leadership Program | Behavioral | Please see arm description. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Assessed by Recruitment/Enrolment/Completion Metrics) | Quantitative measures consisting of recruitment/enrolment/completion metrics will be utilized. The recruitment rate will be estimated as the proportion of contacted individuals who express interest in participating in the study (T0). The enrolment rate will be calculated as the proportion of recruited individuals who are eligible and consent to participate in the study (T0). Participants were considered to have completed the study if they attended the final program session and completed final data collection (T2). | Assessed at T0 (pre-intervention), T1 (first day of intervention) and T2 (last day of intervention). |
| Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Assessed by Program Attendance) | Program attendance was calculated as the percentage of total possible leadership program sessions attended (maximum 8 sessions). | Assessed at T2 (last day of intervention). |
| Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Assessed by Program Feedback Questionnaire) | This 4-item anonymous questionnaire was developed for this study to collect information about participants' view of the leadership program, the impact of the program on them, and their view of the individuals running the program. | Assessed at T2 (last day of intervention). |
| Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Informed by Focus Groups) | Focus group discussions (at T2) with program participants primarily centered around intervention acceptability but also explored the impact of the intervention on identity capital (e.g., sense of purpose and control) and socioeconomic inclusion (e.g., connection to broader social networks). Qualitative data analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis with a critical social theoretical lens. During analysis, focus group transcripts were coded and codes were organized in a code book, clustered into categories, and eventually synthesized into key themes and sub-themes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-post Intervention Change in Identity Capital (Assessed by Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale) | The Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale (MAPS20) is a 20-item validated self-report measure that explores domains related to identity capital. The MAPS20 contains the following sub-scales: Self-Esteem; Purpose in Life; Internal Locus of Control; Self-Efficacy/Ego Strength. Each subscale has a score range of 5-30, with higher scores indicating greater identity capital. |
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Eligible young people aged 16-24 years who have transitioned out of homelessness (e.g., no longer living in a shelter or couch surfing), defined as 3 consecutive months within the past 12 months, will be identified by community partners (note: for the purpose of this study, youth living in foster care will be considered homeless).
This age mandate was chosen because this is the age group served by the community partners. The research team has chosen to target the first year of exiting homelessness because collective experience has shown that this can be a particularly precarious time for youth in terms of mental health challenges and risk of (re)experiencing homelessness (even if youth have attempted exits in the past).
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unity Health Toronto | Toronto | Ontario | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Côté, J. (2016). The identity capital model: A handbook of theory, methods, and findings. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Describes the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale (MAPS20), which is being utilized in the current study. | View source |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Leadership Program | Participants in this group participated in an in-person, four-week, strengths-based leadership program. The program was facilitated by professional coaches with youth advisors participating as paid leadership interns. The program consisted of eight 3-hour sessions and the curriculum aimed to improve identity capital (self-esteem, sense of purpose and control, self-efficacy). |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Leadership Program | Participants in this group participated in an in-person, four-week, strengths-based leadership program. The program was facilitated by professional coaches with youth advisors participating as paid leadership interns. The program consisted of eight 3-hour sessions and the curriculum aimed to improve identity capital (self-esteem, sense of purpose and control, self-efficacy). |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized | Age categories reported at baseline: 16-18, 19-21, 22-24. |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Assessed by Recruitment/Enrolment/Completion Metrics) | Quantitative measures consisting of recruitment/enrolment/completion metrics will be utilized. The recruitment rate will be estimated as the proportion of contacted individuals who express interest in participating in the study (T0). The enrolment rate will be calculated as the proportion of recruited individuals who are eligible and consent to participate in the study (T0). Participants were considered to have completed the study if they attended the final program session and completed final data collection (T2). | Analysis population includes all participants screened for study eligibility. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Assessed at T0 (pre-intervention), T1 (first day of intervention) and T2 (last day of intervention). |
|
4 weeks
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Leadership Program | Participants in this group participated in an in-person, four-week, strengths-based leadership program. The program was facilitated by professional coaches with youth advisors participating as paid leadership interns. The program consisted of eight 3-hour sessions and the curriculum aimed to improve identity capital (self-esteem, sense of purpose and control, self-efficacy). |
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This is a feasibility and acceptability study and thus not adequately powered to detect a significant difference in quantitative self-report measures; results must be interpreted with caution. All young people will be connected to urban-based social service agencies in the province of Ontario; other youth populations may differ. Quantitative instruments are based on self-reports and thus subject to social desirability bias.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Naomi Thulien | Unity Health Toronto | (416) 864-6060 | 77476 | naomi.thulien@unityhealth.to |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 27, 2024 | Aug 13, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| Assessed at T2 (last day of intervention). |
| Assessed at T1 (first day of intervention) and T2 (last day of intervention). |
| Pre-post Intervention Change in Knowledge of Program Material | The composite knowledge assessment scale is 16-item self-report measure that was developed for this study and explores concepts from the program curriculum, such as: mindfulness; core values; purpose; goal setting; growth mindset; identity; and courage. Reported values represent the percentage of participants who answered the question correctly (i.e., agreeing with a correct statement or disagreeing with an incorrect statement). | Assessed at T1 (first day of intervention) and T2 (last day of intervention). |
| Count of Participants |
| Participants |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Sexual Orientation | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Immigration Status | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Child Welfare Involvement | Participants were asked (self-report): "Has the Children's Aid Society (CAS) ever been involved with you or your family? (e.g., closely monitoring your well-being or moving you to foster care)" | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Age First Homeless | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Attempts to Live on Own After Being Homeless | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Highest Education Level | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Regular Contact with Adult Relative | Participants were asked (self-report): "Are you in regular contact with an adult relative? (e.g., parent, grandparent, or aunt)" Participants who chose not to answer this question are reported as "Did not specify." | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Adult that Provides Guidance and Encouragement | Participants were asked (self-report): "Do you have an adult in your life who you are not related to that you can count on for guidance and encouragement?" | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Receiving Social Assistance | Participants were asked (self-report): "Are you receiving OW, ODSP, or money from the Children's Aid Society (CAS)?" OW = Ontario Works; ODSP = Ontario Disability Support Program | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Access Food Assistance Programs | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Attending School (Secondary or Post-Secondary) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Employed in Past Month | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Hours Worked Per Week in Past Month | This question was only asked of the participants who were employed in the past month (n = 6). | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Job is Meaningful | Participants were asked (self-report): "Is your job meaningful to you? (e.g., you enjoy it and/or it will help you achieve your life goals)" | This question was only asked of the participants who were employed in the past month (n = 6). | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Participating in Training/Trades Program | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
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| Primary | Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Assessed by Program Attendance) | Program attendance was calculated as the percentage of total possible leadership program sessions attended (maximum 8 sessions). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Percent of sessions attended | Assessed at T2 (last day of intervention). |
|
|
|
| Primary | Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Assessed by Program Feedback Questionnaire) | This 4-item anonymous questionnaire was developed for this study to collect information about participants' view of the leadership program, the impact of the program on them, and their view of the individuals running the program. | Analysis population includes participants who completed the study (i.e., attended the final program session and completed T2 data collection). | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Assessed at T2 (last day of intervention). |
|
|
|
| Primary | Intervention Feasibility and Acceptability (Informed by Focus Groups) | Focus group discussions (at T2) with program participants primarily centered around intervention acceptability but also explored the impact of the intervention on identity capital (e.g., sense of purpose and control) and socioeconomic inclusion (e.g., connection to broader social networks). Qualitative data analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis with a critical social theoretical lens. During analysis, focus group transcripts were coded and codes were organized in a code book, clustered into categories, and eventually synthesized into key themes and sub-themes. | Analysis population includes participants who completed the study (i.e., attended the final program session and completed T2 data collection). | Posted | Number | Themes | Assessed at T2 (last day of intervention). |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Pre-post Intervention Change in Identity Capital (Assessed by Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale) | The Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale (MAPS20) is a 20-item validated self-report measure that explores domains related to identity capital. The MAPS20 contains the following sub-scales: Self-Esteem; Purpose in Life; Internal Locus of Control; Self-Efficacy/Ego Strength. Each subscale has a score range of 5-30, with higher scores indicating greater identity capital. | T2 analysis population includes participants who completed the study (i.e., attended the final program session and completed T2 data collection). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Score on a Scale | Assessed at T1 (first day of intervention) and T2 (last day of intervention). |
|
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| Secondary | Pre-post Intervention Change in Knowledge of Program Material | The composite knowledge assessment scale is 16-item self-report measure that was developed for this study and explores concepts from the program curriculum, such as: mindfulness; core values; purpose; goal setting; growth mindset; identity; and courage. Reported values represent the percentage of participants who answered the question correctly (i.e., agreeing with a correct statement or disagreeing with an incorrect statement). | T2 analysis population includes participants who completed the study (i.e., attended the final program session and completed T2 data collection). | Posted | Number | Percentage of participants | Assessed at T1 (first day of intervention) and T2 (last day of intervention). |
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| 0 |
| 25 |
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| 25 |
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| 25 |
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| Slightly agree |
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| Agree |
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| Strongly agree |
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| The coaches and staff were knowledgeable about the program material. |
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| The coaches and staff were effective facilitators. |
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| Participating in this program has made a difference in my day-to-day life. |
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| Locus of Control (T1) |
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| Self-Efficacy (T1) |
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| Self-Esteem (T2) |
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| Purpose in Life (T2) |
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| Locus of Control (T2) |
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| Self-Efficacy (T2) |
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|
Paired t-tests were conducted to compare T1 and T2 Purpose in Life (MAPS20 subscale) scores. This analysis included participants who completed both T1 and T2 data collection (n = 18). |
| t-test, 2 sided |
| 0.0719 |
Threshold for statistical significance: P <= .05. As this was an exploratory analysis only, p-values were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. |
| Other |
| Paired t-tests were conducted to compare T1 and T2 Locus of Control (MAPS20 subscale) scores. This analysis included participants who completed both T1 and T2 data collection (n = 18). | t-test, 2 sided | 0.7991 | Threshold for statistical significance: P <= .05. As this was an exploratory analysis only, p-values were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. | Other |
| Paired t-tests were conducted to compare T1 and T2 Self-Efficacy (MAPS20 subscale) scores. This analysis included participants who completed both T1 and T2 data collection (n = 18). | t-test, 2 sided | 0.2208 | Threshold for statistical significance: P <= .05. As this was an exploratory analysis only, p-values were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. | Other |
| We conducted an exploratory, descriptive analysis investigating the relationship between leadership program attendance and identity capital at T2, accounting for T1 scores (MAPS20 subscale: Self-Esteem). This analysis included participants who completed both T1 and T2 data collection (n = 18). We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient only. Power calculation does not apply for this analysis. | Spearman partial correlation coefficient | 0.37 | 2-Sided | Other |
| We conducted an exploratory, descriptive analysis investigating the relationship between leadership program attendance and identity capital at T2, accounting for T1 scores (MAPS20 subscale: Purpose in Life). This analysis included participants who completed both T1 and T2 data collection (n = 18). We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient only. Power calculation does not apply for this analysis. | Spearman partial correlation coefficient | -0.29 | 2-Sided | Other |
| We conducted an exploratory, descriptive analysis investigating the relationship between leadership program attendance and identity capital at T2, accounting for T1 scores (MAPS20 subscale: Locus of Control). This analysis included participants who completed both T1 and T2 data collection (n = 18). We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient only. Power calculation does not apply for this analysis. | Spearman partial correlation coefficient | -0.58 | 2-Sided | Other |
| We conducted an exploratory, descriptive analysis investigating the relationship between leadership program attendance and identity capital at T2, accounting for T1 scores (MAPS20 subscale: Self-Efficacy). This analysis included participants who completed both T1 and T2 data collection (n = 18). We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient only. Power calculation does not apply for this analysis. | Spearman partial correlation coefficient | -0.14 | 2-Sided | Other |
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| It is more important to focus on what you want to achieve than who you wish to become. (T1) |
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| I have a good understanding of how my brain becomes anxious. (T1) |
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| I am confident in my purpose and why it is important in my life. (T1) |
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| People who believe they are worthy of love/belonging have an easier time showing vulnerability. (T1) |
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| I am not very confident about knowing how to get my "wise mind" in control. (T1) |
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| I have a good understanding of how to create an environment that helps me achieve my goals. (T1) |
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| I have a hard time naming things around me that have contributed to my habits. (T1) |
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| I am confident that I have the knowledge/skills to "speak back" to feelings of shame. (T1) |
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| I can easily name my core values. (T1) |
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| When creating a new habit (e.g., exercising) it is important to stop while it still feels good. (T1) |
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| Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't change very much. (T1) |
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| It is more important to strive for excellence than perfection. (T1) |
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| You need to connect with others before you can connect with yourself. (T1) |
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| Interdependence is an important part of self-leadership. (T1) |
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| I am confident about my ability to be in the driver's seat in my "car of life." (T2) |
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| I can name at least one strategy that I consistently use to help me accomplish my daily tasks. (T2) |
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| It is more important to focus on what you want to achieve than who you wish to become. (T2) |
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| I have a good understanding of how my brain becomes anxious. (T2) |
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| I am confident in my purpose and why it is important in my life. (T2) |
|
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| People who believe they are worthy of love/belonging have an easier time showing vulnerability. (T2) |
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| I am not very confident about knowing how to get my "wise mind" in control. (T2) |
|
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| I have a good understanding of how to create an environment that helps me achieve my goals. (T2) |
|
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| I have a hard time naming things around me that have contributed to my habits. (T2) |
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| I am confident that I have the knowledge/skills to "speak back" to feelings of shame. (T2) |
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| I can easily name my core values. (T2) |
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| When creating a new habit (e.g., exercising) it is important to stop while it still feels good. (T2) |
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| Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't change very much. (T2) |
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| It is more important to strive for excellence than perfection. (T2) |
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| You need to connect with others before you can connect with yourself. (T2) |
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| Interdependence is an important part of self-leadership. (T2) |
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