This is a retrospective study that retrospectively included patients with intermediate and advanced HCC beyond up to seven who received first-line treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents combined with/without TACE/HAIC from January 01, 2019 to December 31, 2023 in the Department of Hepatic Oncology and Department of Liver Cancer Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have been diagnosed with advanced hepatocarcinoma (HCC), confirmed histologically or clinically.

• Patients with Barcelona (BCLC) stage B and C beyond up to seven;

• Have not received any prior systemic therapy for HCC (including: chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy);

• Receiving only post-marketing PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with anti-angiogenic agents (including, but not limited to, drugs containing hepatocellular carcinoma indications);

  *The interval between the first use of PD-1/PD-L 1 inhibitors and the use of anti-angiogenic drugs is ≤ 1 week

• TACE was performed within 1 month prior/after the first PD-1/PD-L 1 inhibitor/antiangiogenic drug treatment;

• TACE treatment followed by at least 1 cycle of combination therapy, including: cTACE and DEB-TACE;

• There is at least 1 measurable lesion in the liver according to RECIST v1.1 criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cholangiocellular carcinoma, mixed hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma, or hepatic fibrous laminar carcinoma that has been pathologically/histologically confirmed;
• Patients who do not meet the above definition of combination therapy;
• Patients had malignant tumors other than HCC within 5 years prior to enrollment (except cured limited tumors, including cervical carcinoma in situ, basal cell carcinoma of the skin, and prostate carcinoma in situ)

Patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma beyond up to seven