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It was aimed to examine the effect of the hand holding method applied during intramuscular injection on pain and anxiety.
This study was designed as a pre-test-post-test regular parallel group, randomized controlled experimental design. The research will be carried out in the Adult Emergency Service of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey, Konya City Hospital. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups: handholding (52) and control group (52). For the Hand Holding Group: After the patient is positioned appropriately, the patient's hand will be held by the researcher. Once the intramuscular injection is completed, the patient's hand holding will be stopped. For the Control Group: No application will be made during intramuscular injection in the control group. The primary outcome of this study is to determine patients' pain scores during the intramuscular injection procedure. The secondary outcome is to determine the anxiety levels of patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hand Holding Group | Experimental | In the experimental group, hand holding will be done by the researcher, and intramuscular injection will be done by the clinical nurse. All intramuscular injections will be performed by a single nurse and the ventrogluteal region will be used as the injection site. Patients will first fill out the Voluntary Information and Consent Form, and then the Descriptive Characteristics Form and State Anxiety Scale. After the injection site is evaluated, the researcher will hold the patient's hand, the nurse will enter the tissue at a 90-degree angle and administer the drug slowly (1 ml/10 seconds). After removing the needle from the tissue, the nurse will apply pressure with dry cotton, and then the researcher will stop holding the patient's hand. After the procedure, the Numerical Pain Scale and State Anxiety Scale will be filled in within 1 minute. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | In the control group, intramuscular injection will be performed by the clinic nurse. All intramuscular injections will be performed by a single nurse and the ventrogluteal region will be used as the injection site. Patients will first fill out the Voluntary Information and Consent Form, and then the Descriptive Characteristics Form and State Anxiety Scale. After the injection site is assessed, the nurse will enter the tissue at a 90-degree angle and administer the medication slowly (1 ml/10 seconds). After removing the needle from the tissue, the nurse will apply pressure with dry cotton. After the procedure, the Numerical Pain Scale and State Anxiety Scale will be filled in within 1 minute. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand Holding | Other | During the intramuscular injection, the aim is to draw the patients' attention elsewhere by holding their hand. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numerical Pain Scale | A score of "0" indicated the lowest pain, and a score of "10" indicated the highest pain. | It will be filled within 1 minute after the intramuscular injection is completed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| State Anxiety Scale | A score between 20-80 is obtained. The highest score obtained from the scale indicates a high level of anxiety, while a low score indicates a low level of anxiety. | It will be filled immediately before the intramuscular injection and within 1 minute after the procedure is completed. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Serpil SU | Necmettin Erbakan University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Necmettin Erbakan University | Konya | Meram | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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Parallel Assignment
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Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor) The patients will be informed about the study and their consent will be obtained without explaining which group they are in. Since the researcher manages the implementation process of the study, researcher blinding cannot be done. In addition, it will be ensured that the researcher learns which group the patients are in after the patients accept to participate in the study. Thus, the internal validity of the research will be ensured.
At the same time, blind technique will be applied in terms of statistical analysis in the research. The data will be recorded on the computer by the researcher without using the expression of experimental and control groups, and data analysis will be done by another statistician other than the person who made the randomization.