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This study aims to assess the efficacy of telephone-coached graphic narrative bibliotherapy in improving dementia caregiver depressive symptoms compared with the booklet group.
This is a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial using a repeated-measures design to examine the effects of telephone-coached graphic narrative bibliotherapy on 128 (64 per group) informal caregivers of people with dementia. Participants in the intervention group will receive eight weekly telephone-coached graphic narrative bibliotherapy sessions, plus two face-to-face booster sessions and two follow-up sessions. The control group will receive an education booklet and check-in calls. Caregiver depressive symptoms, stress and anxiety, caregiving appraisal, care-recipient neuropsychiatric symptoms, and quality of life will be measured to test the intervention's effects immediately after completion and at a 6-month follow-up.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Graphic narrative bibliotherapy | Experimental | Eight weekly sessions of telephone-coached graphic narrative bibliotherapy |
|
| Control group | Sham Comparator | Reading an educational booklet |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telephone coached graphic narrative bibliotherapy | Other | Eight weekly sessions of telephone coached graphic narrative bibliotherapy |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in depressive symptoms | Depressive symptoms will be measured with the Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. It is a 4-point Likert scale consisting of 21 items that measure levels ofdepression, anxiety, and stress in participants. The total score ranges from 0-63, with the depression subscale score ranges from 0-21. Higher scores indicategreater severity of mental health problems. | Pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in caregiving appraisal | Caregiving appraisal will be assessed using the Caregiving Appraisal Scale. It is a 26-item Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The score ranges from 26 to 130. Higher scores on this scale indicate more positive caregiving appraisal. | Pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Recruiting | Hong Kong SAR | Hong Kong |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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| Control group | Other | Reading educational booklet |
|
| Changes in stress and anxiety | Stress and anxiety will be measured with the stress and anxiety subscales of the Depression, anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21). The total score of the full scale ranges from 0-63, with the anxiety and stress subscale score both range from 0-21. | Pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
| Changes in patient neuropsychiatric symptoms | Patient neuropsychiatric symptoms: will be measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). NPI evaluates 12 common neuropsychiatric disturbances in dementia. The presence of problematic behaviors in each domain is assessed by asking an informant a screening question followed by a series of yes/no questions. The frequency of a symptom is created from 1 (rarely) to 4 (very often), and severity is rated from 1 (mild) to 3 (severe). | Pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
| Changes in quality of life | Quality of life will be measured with the Brief Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-Brief). It is a 13-item, 5-point Likert scale to measure the quality of life for older adults. The total score ranges from 13 to 65, with higher scores indicating a better quality of life. | Pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 6 months post-intervention |
| D008722 | Methods |