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The effects of different degrees of head-of-bed elevation on respiratory mechanics are poorly explored in the literature, and no study has investigated such effects using electrical impedance tomography, esophageal and gastric balloons to identify the ideal angle for optimizing respiratory mechanics. The hypothesis is that there is a optimal degree for the respiratory mechanics.
Respiratory mechanics and regional ventilation will be monitored using electrical impedance tomography (Enlight 2100, Timpel Medical®, Brazil) . Esophageal and gastric pressures will be obtained through esophageal and gastric balloon catheters (Nutrivent®) (validation concerning to modified Baydur maneuver - slope delta esophageal pressure/delta airway pressure (0,8-1,2). We are using the hardware Pneumodrive (Biônica, Recife, Brazil) to record and store the esophageal, gastric and airway pressures, these data will be analyzed using LabVIEW 7.1 (Pneumobench).
Initially, patients will be positioned at 0 degrees of head-of-bed elevation, and after stabilization of the plethysmogram, data from electrical impedance tomography, hemodynamics, and arterial blood gas will be collected (arterial blood will be drawn by a nurse or physician). Sequentially and in the same manner, the bed will be adjusted to 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees (the same data will be collected, except for the arterial blood sample, which will only be collected at the 40-degree elevation). Then, an alveolar recruitment maneuver will be performed, followed by a PEEP titration with 10-degree of head-of-bed elevation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sequential head-of-bed elevation | Other | Patients will be positioned at 0 degrees of head-of-bed elevation, and after stabilization of the plethysmogram, data from electrical impedance tomography, hemodynamics, and arterial blood gas will be collected (arterial blood will be drawn by a nurse or physician). Sequentially and in the same manner, the bed will be adjusted to 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees (the same data will be collected, except for the arterial blood sample, which will only be collected at the 40-degree elevation). Then, an alveolar recruitment maneuver will be performed, followed by a PEEP titration with 10-degree of head-of-bed elevation, and the data will be collected just as in the 0° and 40° steps. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sequencial increasing of head of the bed elevation and alveolar recruitment maneuver followed by a PEEP titration with 10° of head of the elevation | Other | Patients will be sequentially positioned at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees of head-of-bed elevation. An alveolar recruitment maneuver will be performed. For patients with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m^2, the maneuver will be conducted in pressure control mode, pressure control = 15 cmH2O, respiratory rate = 20 breaths per minute, and the PEEP will be increased in steps of 5 up to 30 cmH2O. For patients with body mass index > 30, the PEEP will be increased up to 35. Then, a PEEP titration will be performed, tidal volume = 5 mL/Kg, respiratory rate = 25 breaths per minute, and the PEEP will be decreased from 24 down to 4 cmH2O in steps of 2 cmH2O with 30 seconds in each PEEP level. The PEEP titration software of Enlight 2100 will be used to determine the ideal PEEP, defined as the PEEP level with a collapse less than 5%. The alveolar recruitment maneuver will be performed again to reopen the lungs. Then, data will be collected, as with the 0 and 40-degree steps, with ideal PEEP. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory system compliance | Respiratory system compliance (mL/cmH2O) will be measured using electrical impedance tomography monitoring (Enlight 2100, Timpel Medical®, Brazil). | At 0, 10, 20, 30, 40-degrees of head-of-bed elevation, and with titrated PEEP at 10-degrees of head-of-bed elevation |
| Lung compliance | Lung compliance (mL/cmH2O) will be measured offline using the esophageal pressure tracings. By knowing the respiratory system and chest wall compliance, the lung compliance will be calculated. (1/respiratory system compliance = 1/chest wall compliance + 1/lung compliance) | At 0, 10, 20, 30, 40-degrees of head-of-bed elevation, and with titrated PEEP at 10-degrees of head-of-bed elevation |
| Chest wall compliance | Chest wall compliance (mL/cmH2O) will be measured offline using the esophageal pressure tracings. Chest wall compliance = tidal volume / delta esophageal pressure | At 0, 10, 20, 30, 40-degrees of head-of-bed elevation, and with titrated PEEP at 10-degrees of head-of-bed elevation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygenation | Oxigenation will be assessed using the partial pressure arterial oxygen/fraction inspired oxygen ratio. Partial pressure arterial oxygen measured in the blood sample at the of each step and the fraction inspired oxygen set during the blood sample collection will be used. | At 0 and 40-degrees of head-of-bed elevation, and with titrated PEEP at 10-degrees of head-of-bed elevation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marcelo BP Amato, MD, PhD | Contact | 3061-7361 | marcelo.amato@hc.fm.usp.br | |
| Ana C Cardoso dos Santos, PT | Contact | +5511968022077 | cardosocsfisio@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Marcelo BP Amato, MD, PhD | University of Sao Paulo General Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instituto do Coração do Hospital das ClÃnicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP | Recruiting | São Paulo | 05403-900 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9449727 | Background | Amato MB, Barbas CS, Medeiros DM, Magaldi RB, Schettino GP, Lorenzi-Filho G, Kairalla RA, Deheinzelin D, Munoz C, Oliveira R, Takagaki TY, Carvalho CR. Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 5;338(6):347-54. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199802053380602. | |
| 10793162 |
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All the participants will be exposed to the same situations (head-of-bed elevations), in the same order. An alveolar recruitment maneuver followed by a PEEP titration with 10-degree head-of-bed elevation will be performed.
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| Pressure between patient skin surface and the mattress | ForeSite PT (XSENSOR Technology Corporation, Patient Monitoring System) will be used to measure the pressure between patient's skin surface and the mattress. A monitor connected to this sensor provides continuous pressure monitoring, and the data will exported for subsequent offline analysis of the sacral and occipital regions. | At 0, 10, 20, 30, 40-degrees of head-of-bed elevation |
| Hemodynamics satefy of keeping low degrees of head of the elevation | Arterial blood pressure provided by the multiparameter monitor. Data will be noted in each degree. | At 0, 10, 20, 30, 40-degrees of head-of-bed elevation |
| Gastric pressure | Gastric pressure will be measured offline using the gastric pressure tracings. | At 0 and 40-degrees of head-of-bed elevation, and with titrated PEEP at 10-degrees of head-of-bed elevation |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network; Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, Wheeler A. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 4;342(18):1301-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200005043421801. |
| 16557151 | Background | Villar J, Kacmarek RM, Perez-Mendez L, Aguirre-Jaime A. A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2006 May;34(5):1311-8. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000215598.84885.01. |
| 20197533 | Background | Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A, Brower RG, Talmor D, Walter SD, Slutsky AS, Pullenayegum E, Zhou Q, Cook D, Brochard L, Richard JC, Lamontagne F, Bhatnagar N, Stewart TE, Guyatt G. Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010 Mar 3;303(9):865-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.218. |
| 25693014 | Background | Amato MB, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, Brochard L, Costa EL, Schoenfeld DA, Stewart TE, Briel M, Talmor D, Mercat A, Richard JC, Carvalho CR, Brower RG. Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 19;372(8):747-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1410639. |
| 19186406 | Background | Costa EL, Lima RG, Amato MB. Electrical impedance tomography. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2009 Feb;15(1):18-24. doi: 10.1097/mcc.0b013e3283220e8c. |
| 16645177 | Background | Galiatsou E, Kostanti E, Svarna E, Kitsakos A, Koulouras V, Efremidis SC, Nakos G. Prone position augments recruitment and prevents alveolar overinflation in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Jul 15;174(2):187-97. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200506-899OC. Epub 2006 Apr 27. |
| 1489116 | Background | Mutoh T, Guest RJ, Lamm WJ, Albert RK. Prone position alters the effect of volume overload on regional pleural pressures and improves hypoxemia in pigs in vivo. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Aug;146(2):300-6. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/146.2.300. |
| 35150355 | Background | Roldan R, Rodriguez S, Barriga F, Tucci M, Victor M, Alcala G, Villamonte R, Suarez-Sipmann F, Amato M, Brochard L, Tusman G. Sequential lateral positioning as a new lung recruitment maneuver: an exploratory study in early mechanically ventilated Covid-19 ARDS patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2022 Feb 12;12(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s13613-022-00988-9. |
| 16896856 | Background | Richard JC, Maggiore SM, Mancebo J, Lemaire F, Jonson B, Brochard L. Effects of vertical positioning on gas exchange and lung volumes in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2006 Oct;32(10):1623-6. doi: 10.1007/s00134-006-0299-y. Epub 2006 Aug 1. |
| 23344832 | Background | Dellamonica J, Lerolle N, Sargentini C, Hubert S, Beduneau G, Di Marco F, Mercat A, Diehl JL, Richard JC, Bernardin G, Brochard L. Effect of different seated positions on lung volume and oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Jun;39(6):1121-7. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-2827-x. Epub 2013 Jan 24. |
| 34982652 | Background | Marrazzo F, Spina S, Forlini C, Guarnieri M, Giudici R, Bassi G, Bastia L, Bottiroli M, Fumagalli R, Langer T. Effects of Trunk Inclination on Respiratory Mechanics in Patients with COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Let's Always Report the Angle! Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Mar 1;205(5):582-584. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202110-2360LE. No abstract available. |
| Background | Mahran GSK, Abd-Elshafy SK, Abd El Neem MM, Sayed JA. The effect of reference position versus right lateral position on the intra-abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2018;8(6). |
| 17161433 | Background | Vasquez DG, Berg-Copas GM, Wetta-Hall R. Influence of semi-recumbent position on intra-abdominal pressure as measured by bladder pressure. J Surg Res. 2007 May 15;139(2):280-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.10.023. Epub 2006 Dec 8. |
| 17434374 | Background | McBeth PB, Zygun DA, Widder S, Cheatham M, Zengerink I, Glowa J, Kirkpatrick AW. Effect of patient positioning on intra-abdominal pressure monitoring. Am J Surg. 2007 May;193(5):644-7; discussion 647. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.013. |
| 33870210 | Background | Samimian S, Ashrafi S, Khaleghdoost Mohammadi T, Yeganeh MR, Ashraf A, Hakimi H, Dehghani M. The Correlation between Head of Bed Angle and Intra-Abdominal Pressure of Intubated Patients; a Pre-Post Clinical Trial. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2021 Mar 6;9(1):e23. doi: 10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1065. eCollection 2021. |
| 35866650 | Background | Selickman J, Crooke PS, Tawfik P, Dries DJ, Gattinoni L, Marini JJ. Paradoxical Positioning: Does "Head Up" Always Improve Mechanics and Lung Protection? Crit Care Med. 2022 Nov 1;50(11):1599-1606. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005631. Epub 2022 Jul 21. |
| 26743945 | Background | Wang L, Li X, Yang Z, Tang X, Yuan Q, Deng L, Sun X. Semi-recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults requiring mechanical ventilation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 8;2016(1):CD009946. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009946.pub2. |
| 33884691 | Background | Guner CK, Kutluturkan S. Role of head-of-bed elevation in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia bed elevation and pneumonia. Nurs Crit Care. 2022 Sep;27(5):635-645. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12633. Epub 2021 Apr 21. |
| 32115351 | Background | Marfil-Gomez RM, Garcia-Mayor S, Morales-Asencio JM, Gomez-Gonzalez AJ, Morilla-Herrera JC, Moya-Suarez AB, Aranda-Gallardo M, Rincon-Lopez T, Lupianez-Perez I. Pressure levels in the trochanter area according to repositioning at different degrees of inclination in healthy subjects. J Tissue Viability. 2020 May;29(2):125-129. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Feb 13. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012131 | Respiratory Insufficiency |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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