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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06/FY2023/P1/21-A36 | Other Grant/Funding Number | National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore Pte Ltd (NNI) |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Singapore Institute of Technology | OTHER |
| National Neuroscience Institute | OTHER |
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The goal of this study is to learn if a behavioral change intervention can improve physical activity in stroke survivors living in the community.
The main question it aims to answer is, if a behaviour change intervention and personalised physical activity prescription, are effective in improving the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity amongst chronic stroke survivors.
Researchers will compare the intervention group to a control group, to see if physical activity counselling and a personalized physical activity prescription is more effective in improving moderate to vigorous physical activity, than usual care alone. The study period for each participant is 6 months. Assessments are conducted at month 1 (baseline), 3 and 6.
The control group will receive only usual care, which consists of an information sheet on physical activity with the following content: (1) Why be active and (2) How to be active (with URL links to resources and videos). The usual care is delivered at 3-time points during month 1, 3 and 6.
The intervention group will receive usual care and a behavioral change intervention. The behavioral change intervention consists of up to 6 individual physical activity counselling sessions and a personalized physical activity prescription. The 6 sessions will take place only during months 1 to 3 and there will be no intervention during months 4 to 6. Of the 6 sessions, 3 are conducted face-to-face and another 3 sessions will take place using telehealth methods such as phone, text messaging and videoconference. Participants can meet the study physiotherapist at their preferred exercise space during the 3 face-to-face sessions. The physical activity counselling sessions consist of goal setting and action planning, and problem-solving barriers around participation in physical activity. The overall aim is to increase time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity.
The MOTIVATE study will take place in Singapore with participants recruited through hospital-based stroke clinics, rehabilitation facilities, and stroke support organizations via posters, email, word of mouth, and social media. Potential participants can sign up by self-registering on the study URL link or through referrals from healthcare professionals and study members. Participants will be screened for eligibility via telephone using the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Get Active Questionnaire. Participants. Those who have not engaged in regular exercise are required to obtain medical clearance. Informed consent will be taken by a study team member.
This trial will use a 1:1 concealed randomisation, to allocate participants with chronic stroke to an intervention group (n= 60) or control group (n = 60). Between-group comparisons will be made at 3 time points: months 1, 3 and 6.
The control group will receive usual care, which consists of 3 face-to-face sessions on general physical activity recommendations, lasting 30 to 60 minutes each during months 1, 3, and 6. Participants will be given an information sheet on the importance and benefits of physical activity after a stroke and general guidelines on how to start to be active. The general guidelines on how to be active include engaging in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. The information sheet will also include links to publicly accessible online resources.
The intervention group will receive a behavioural change intervention, in addition to usual care. Information sheet about general guidelines on physical activity will be handed to the intervention group, as per control group. Each participant will receive up to 6 sessions of tailored behavioural change intervention during months 1 to 3 and there will be no intervention during months 4 to 6. Of the 6 sessions, 3 are face-to-face and another 3 will take place using telehealth methods such as phone, text messaging and videoconference. The tailoring of the intervention allows participants to decide the location during face-to-face sessions, how many sessions and how the sessions are spaced out during the 3-month intervention period and which sessions are face-to-face or telehealth. The preferred meeting location may include exercise spaces within home, common spaces just outside their homes and under their housing blocks, outdoor fitness zones or parks near home and residential or inclusive public gyms. The behavioural change intervention consists of physical activity counselling and prescription of a personalized physical activity plan. The first session will be conducted in-person, to allow the study physiotherapist to identify the participant's physical function, safety concerns and the impact of medical, social, environmental and resources on mobility. During the initial visit, the venue, frequency and mode of support (face-to-face or virtual) for subsequent sessions will be established. The study physiotherapist will provide physical activity counselling, set goals and discuss action plans to enhance moderate intensity physical activity, problem solve barriers on physical activity and prescribe a personalized physical activity plan. Subsequent sessions can include (1) training on physical activity modification to accommodate the weak arm and / leg at the participant's preferred exercise location, (2) taking videos of the personalized adapted exercises using the participant's phone when meeting face-to-face and (3) in-person or virtual support sessions to review physical activity progress and action plans.
A process and cost-utility evaluation will be embedded into the study design and conducted concurrently.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Study period: 6 months (1st 3 months intervention, last 3 months no intervention) No. of sessions: up to 6 per participant Mode: 3 sessions are conducted face-to-face and 3 sessions via telehealth methods e.g. phone, text message or video conferencing using virtual platforms like zoom. Where: Face-to-face at the participant's preferred exercise space like home, outdoor fitness zone, parks, gyms etc. Duration of sessions: each face-to-face session will take 60-90 mins Details of intervention: Physical activity counselling on adaptation of exercises, goal setting, action planning, problem solving around barriers to physical activity and provision of study resources |
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| Control group | Active Comparator | Study period: 6 months No. of sessions: 2 sessions (at month 1 and 3) Mode: Face-to-face Where: At the participant's home Duration of session: 20- 30 minutes Details of control: physical activity information without any other support. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Behavioral | Please refer to arm descriptions |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity | Average minutes/day, measured by Fitbit Inspire 3 tracker | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of steps per day | Number of steps per day, measured by Fitbit Inspire 3 tracker | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juliana Wang, MSc | Contact | +6597124823 | juliana.wang.y.y@sgh.com.sg | |
| Shamala Thilarajah, PhD | Contact | +6591160364 | shamala.thilarajah@sgh.com.sg |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shamala Thilarajah, PhD | Singapore General Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore General Hospital | Recruiting | Singapore | Singapore | 169608 | Singapore |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14764929 | Background | Hardie K, Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, Anderson C. Ten-year risk of first recurrent stroke and disability after first-ever stroke in the Perth Community Stroke Study. Stroke. 2004 Mar;35(3):731-5. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000116183.50167.D9. Epub 2004 Feb 5. | |
| 28003500 | Background | Turan TN, Nizam A, Lynn MJ, Egan BM, Le NA, Lopes-Virella MF, Hermayer KL, Harrell J, Derdeyn CP, Fiorella D, Janis LS, Lane B, Montgomery J, Chimowitz MI. Relationship between risk factor control and vascular events in the SAMMPRIS trial. Neurology. 2017 Jan 24;88(4):379-385. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003534. Epub 2016 Dec 21. |
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The study protocol with the statistical analysis plan will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
To be published ahead of the completion of the trial
The protocol will be available as per the publishing journal's options.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D057185 | Sedentary Behavior |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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Participants are assigned to either treatment or control group only during the duration of the study
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Only the outcomes assessor is masked. No other parties are masked.
Duration (in minutes) and frequency (days) of walking, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity activity, which are used to compute the total score.
| Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Modified Rankin Scale | 0. No symptoms
Outcome data: One score from a 6-point scale of 0-5. | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Functional Ambulation Category | 0) Patient cannot walk, or needs help from 2 or more persons
Outcome data: One score from a 6-point scale of 0-5 | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Comfortable gait speed | Comfortable walking speed equals to predetermined distance divided by the average time taken from 2 trials to walk that distance comfortably or naturally (e.g., 5m/__sec). | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Fast gait speed | Fast walking speed equals to predetermined distance divided by the average time taken from 2 trials to walk that distance as fast as possibly safe (e.g., 5m/__sec). | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Life-space Assessment Measure | For the five "Life-Space Levels," each "Yes" is given a point value, starting with 1 (life-space level 1) and increasing by 1 point for each life-space level (2 for "Yes" in life-space level 2, 3 for "Yes" in life-space level 3, etc.). For frequency of each life-space level [less than 1 time per week (score = 1), 1-3 times per week (score = 2), 4-6 times per week (score = 3), or daily (score = 4)]. For independence level, requiring assistance or use of any equipment [personal assistance (score = 1), equipment only (score = 1.5), or neither equipment nor personal assistance (score = 2)]. Outcome data: The total score ranges from 0 ("totally bed-bound") to 120 ("traveling out of town every day without assistance"). | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) | The Short FES-I consists of seven items Each item is scored on a 4-point scale:
Outcome data: Total score ranging from 7 (no concern about falling) to 28 (severe concern about falling). | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEES) | Consists of 9 questions on the individual's confidence in their ability to engage in exercise. Each item is rated on a 11-point scale. Score of 0 indicates "not confident", and score of 10 indicates "very confident". Outcome data: Total score ranges from 0 ("not confident" in own ability to engage in exercise) to 90 ("very confident" in own ability to engage in exercise) | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Fatigue Severity Scale - 7 item (FSS-7) | The FSS-7 consists of seven items, and the responses are scored on a seven-point scale, where 1 indicates "strongly disagree" and 7 indicates "strongly agree." Outcome data: Total score ranges from 7 to 49, with higher scores indicating more severe fatigue and greater impact on activities. | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Fatigue screening tool (SF-CAT) | Yes/no screening questions to 16 questions that cover fatigue, mood, sleep quality, new / uncontrolled conditions, physical / nutrition status, role of medication consumption of alcohol, new / undiagnosed cognitive impairment, speech and language disorder. | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) | The responses are scored on a four-point scale, where 0 indicates "not at all" and 3 indicates "nearly every day." Outcome data: Total score ranges from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (GSAQ) | Consists of 11 questions, rated on a 4-point scale ("never", "sometimes", "usually", "always"). Outcome data: More "always" responses indicate better sleep quality. | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| EQ-5D | Outcome data: index values are used in the estimation of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains in economic analysis. | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Global Rating of Change on Physical Activity and Fatigue | Score rated on a 15-point scale, ranging from -7 (a very great deal worse) to +7 (a very great deal better). A score of 0 indicates unchanged. Outcome data: One score from the 15-point scale. | Month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| Adapted Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) | Cost estimate of resource utilization to generate an average cost per participant | Initial assessment (month 1), month 3 and 6 follow-up. |
| 33951930 | Background | Fini NA, Bernhardt J, Said CM, Billinger SA. How to Address Physical Activity Participation After Stroke in Research and Clinical Practice. Stroke. 2021 Jun;52(6):e274-e277. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034557. Epub 2021 May 6. No abstract available. |
| 33369898 | Background | WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK566045/ |
| 24846875 | Background | Billinger SA, Arena R, Bernhardt J, Eng JJ, Franklin BA, Johnson CM, MacKay-Lyons M, Macko RF, Mead GE, Roth EJ, Shaughnessy M, Tang A; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology. Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Aug;45(8):2532-53. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000022. Epub 2014 May 20. |
| 31995190 | Background | Thilarajah S, Bower KJ, Pua YH, Tan D, Williams G, Larik A, Bok CW, Koh G, Clark RA. Modifiable Factors Associated With Poststroke Physical Activity at Discharge From Rehabilitation: Prospective Cohort Study. Phys Ther. 2020 May 18;100(5):818-828. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa022. |
| 28444348 | Background | Fini NA, Holland AE, Keating J, Simek J, Bernhardt J. How Physically Active Are People Following Stroke? Systematic Review and Quantitative Synthesis. Phys Ther. 2017 Jul 1;97(7):707-717. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx038. |
| 29056502 | Background | Thilarajah S, Mentiplay BF, Bower KJ, Tan D, Pua YH, Williams G, Koh G, Clark RA. Factors Associated With Post-Stroke Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Sep;99(9):1876-1889. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.09.117. Epub 2017 Oct 19. |
| 32516297 | Background | Moncion K, Biasin L, Jagroop D, Bayley M, Danells C, Mansfield A, Salbach NM, Inness E, Tang A. Barriers and Facilitators to Aerobic Exercise Implementation in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2020 Jul;44(3):179-187. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000318. |
| 11560553 | Background | Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Points to consider on switching between superiority and non-inferiority. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Sep;52(3):223-8. doi: 10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01397-3.x. No abstract available. |
| 33227237 | Background | Yarnell CJ, Abrams D, Baldwin MR, Brodie D, Fan E, Ferguson ND, Hua M, Madahar P, McAuley DF, Munshi L, Perkins GD, Rubenfeld G, Slutsky AS, Wunsch H, Fowler RA, Tomlinson G, Beitler JR, Goligher EC. Clinical trials in critical care: can a Bayesian approach enhance clinical and scientific decision making? Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Feb;9(2):207-216. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30471-9. Epub 2020 Nov 20. |
| 11027937 | Background | Chang BH, Pocock S. Analyzing data with clumping at zero. An example demonstration. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Oct;53(10):1036-43. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00223-7. |
| 23529715 | Background | Thorn JC, Coast J, Cohen D, Hollingworth W, Knapp M, Noble SM, Ridyard C, Wordsworth S, Hughes D. Resource-use measurement based on patient recall: issues and challenges for economic evaluation. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2013 Jun;11(3):155-61. doi: 10.1007/s40258-013-0022-4. |
| 10155283 | Background | Hodgson TA. Costs of illness in cost-effectiveness analysis. A review of the methodology. Pharmacoeconomics. 1994 Dec;6(6):536-52. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199406060-00007. |
| 9566468 | Background | Stinnett AA, Mullahy J. Net health benefits: a new framework for the analysis of uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis. Med Decis Making. 1998 Apr-Jun;18(2 Suppl):S68-80. doi: 10.1177/0272989X98018002S09. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |