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Chronic pain (CP) was defined as pain experienced daily or on most days and induced restriction of at least one activity. CP is one of the commonest complaints confronted in outpatient clinics and constitutes a challenge for all medical provisions. CP is a multifaceted condition; postoperative CP is frequently encountered in clinical practice and may be of debilitating severity leading to worse quality of life (QOL) especially CP with a neuropathic component as post-mastectomy pain syndrome and post-amputation pain and chronic post-sternotomy pain that seriously impacts patients' QOL and affects patient recovery till 12 months after cardiac surgery. Chronic musculoskeletal pain as defined by the International Pain Association is the persistent or recurrent pain involving spine, bones, joints, and/or musculo-soft tissue.
Chronic pain was considered as a long-lasting stressor that might induce disordered mood varying between depression and anxiety with consequent challenge of this combination on treatment outcomes and consumption of health resources. This necessitated psychological screening of CP patient to identify and manage patients with disordered mood to improve CP treatment outcomes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Active Comparator |
| |
| Control Group | Placebo Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dexmedetomidine in 0.9 % NaCl 20 Mcg/5 mL (4 Mcg/mL) INTRAVEN SYRINGE (ML) | Drug | Group went under multiple sessions of Dexmedetomidine infusion for 10 sessions; The infusion was provided under non-invasive monitoring for heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The infusion rate was adjusted to maintain HR in range of 60-80 beats/min and MAP in range of 65-75 mmHg. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The extent of reduction of consumed analgesics | Necessity of Dexmedetomidine infusion as management procedure to the chronic pain patients | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benha university | Banhā | Qalyoubia | 13511 | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020927 | Dexmedetomidine |
| D000077330 | Saline Solution |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
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|
| normal saline | Drug | Group went under multiple sessions of normal saline injection. |
|
| D000077324 |
| Crystalloid Solutions |
| D007552 | Isotonic Solutions |
| D012996 | Solutions |
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |