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The aim of this study is to evaluate pain and physical fitness parameters such as balance, muscle strength, and core stabilization in primary dysmenorrhea.
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a condition that occurs just before or during menstruation and is accompanied by cramp-like pain in the lower abdomen, without any pelvic pathology. Pain usually begins just before or during menstruation and ends within 12-72 hours. Most women with PD describe their menstrual pain as moderate to severe, which significantly affects their activities of daily living and school and work performance.
In PD, functions and activities of daily living are also affected due to pain and other hormonal changes. Studies have reported that musculoskeletal problems such as decreased spinal mobility, pelvic stability and postural control are observed in women with dysmenorrhea.
The aim of this study is to evaluate pain and physical fitness parameters such as balance, muscle strength, and core stabilization during the menstruation and on a non-menstrual day of the cycle, in primary dysmenorrhea.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Dysmenorrhea | Women with primary dysmenorrhea according to the Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guide and those with pain > 5 according to visual analog scale | ||
| Control Group | Women who do not experience painful cramps during their menstrual period or who have a visual analog scale score < 5 |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain assessment | Pain assessment will be evaluated with a visual analog scale. Subjects will be asked to mark the intensity of the pain they feel on a 10 cm line, where "0" means no pain and "10" means very severe pain. | 2 weeks |
| Core stability | A pressurized biofeedback device will be used to evaluate core stability. The device will initially be set to 70 mmHg pressure and changes in pressure will be recorded for analysis at the end of the evaluation. | 2 weeks |
| Lower extremity muscle strength | A 30-second sit to stand test will be used to evaluate the individual's lower extremity muscle strength and functional capacity. The number of repetitions performed in 30 seconds is recorded. | 2 weeks |
| Balance | Biodex Balance System (Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. USA) will be used in the dynamic postural stability test and sensory integration of balance clinical test evaluations. | 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Lower extremity flexibility | Lower extremity flexibility will be performed with a sit-and-reach test. Evaluation will be carried out by measuring the distance between the platform and the hands of the subjects at the last point they can reach while reaching forward with their hands. | 2 weeks |
| Menstrual symptoms |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The primary dysmenorrhea group will consist of cases diagnosed by a gynecologist. The Control Group will consist of healthy women who meet inclusion criteria.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kubra Alpay, PhD | Contact | +902124012600 | 4638 | kubraalpay@hotmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kubra Alpay | Bezmialem Vakif University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bezmialem Vakif University | Recruiting | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire will be used to evaluate pain and symptoms related to menstruation. The scale score is calculated by taking the total score average of the items in the scale. An increase in the average score indicates an increase in the severity of menstrual symptoms. |
| 2 weeks |
| Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale will be used. The scale consists of 3 sub-dimensions. Higher scores indicate an increase of severity of symptoms for each sub-dimensions. | 2 weeks |