Effects of Different Inspiratory Muscle Training Protocols in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Effects of Different Inspiratory Muscle Training Protocols on Functional Exercise Capacity and Respiratory and Peripheral Muscle Strength in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Study

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of different IMT protocols on respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, quadriceps femoris muscle strength (QMS), handgrip muscle strength (HGS), QoL, respiratory function, dyspnoea, fatigue, balance, and PA levels in patients with CKD that were not on dialysis.

Peripheral and respiratory muscle weakness has been reported in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Management of respiratory muscle weakness is crucial, as reduced functional performance is related to respiratory muscle weakness.

Different IMT function protocols with 30-70% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) have been found to improve these in patients with CKD. The most efficient IMT intensity for patients with CKD is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of different IMT protocols on respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, quadriceps femoris muscle strength (QMS), handgrip muscle strength (HGS), QoL, respiratory function, dyspnoea, fatigue, balance, and PA levels in patients with CKD that were not on dialysis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with CKD stages 1-5 based on the CKD staging proposed by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative who are not on dialysis
• Aged>18 years
• No change in medications over one month

Exclusion Criteria:

• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Non-stable cardiac disease
• Recent viral infections
• Respiratory, neurological, and orthopedic diseases
• Pregnant and lactating patients