Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of ultrasonography-guided hydrodissection technique with 5% dextrose and dexamethasone injectates when applied in different volumes in the treatment of mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment neuropathy worldwide, resulting from the compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, an osteofibrous canal whose roof is formed by the flexor retinaculum and whose floor is formed by the carpal bones. CTS accounts for approximately 90% of all entrapment neuropathies, and an individual's lifetime risk of diagnosis is estimated to be 10%. It is estimated that about 5% of the population suffers from CTS. It is more common in women compared to men and at least half of the cases manifests between the ages of 40 and 60.
In clinical practice, the most common complaints of patients include neuropathic symptoms along the distribution of the median nerve. These complaints, which initially occur and flare up at night and intermittently during the day, may become continuous and worsen in the later stages of the disease.
Taking an accurate history and clinical assessment is crucial for diagnosis. Evaluation of sensory abnormalities, loss of two point discrimination, and the strength of abductor pollicis brevis muscle can provide information about functional impairment. Tinel's sign and Phalen's manoeuvre are some of diagnostic tests. Some scales and questionnaires are used in diagnosis and assessment of functionality. Ultrasonography is a useful, inexpensive and easily accessible method to simultaneously observe morphological changes in the median nerve and scan the surrounding anatomy. Electrophysiological assessment is very sensitive in examining median nerve dysfunction caused by nerve damage. Nerve conduction studies are considered the gold standard method in diagnosis, determining prognosis and making treatment decisions.
The management of CTS in patients depends on the severity of the disease. In mild and moderate circumstances conservative treatments are recommended for the patients. Surgery is typically considered for patients with moderate to severe CTS or individuals who do not experience significant improvement with conservative treatments. Conservative treatments include patient education, wrist splinting, medical treatments, physical therapy, and perineural injections.
Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection injection has emerged as a therapeutic approach with less complications for CTS. This method aims to achieve mechanical release from perineural adhesions by creating a perineural fluid plane.Various injectates such as normal saline, 5% dextrose, and platelet-rich plasma,viscosupplements are commonly used for hydrodissection. Many studies have been conducted with the hypothesis that the injection volume, in addition to the injection preparation, would also be important in median nerve hydrodissection, and different results have been obtained.
This study aimed to compare the clinical, ultrasonographic and electrophysiological improvement in patients by applying different volumes of dexamethasone and dextrose in median nerve hydrodissection. Patients will be evaluated before and after treatment at 2nd, 4th and 12th weeks ultrasonographically, electrophysiologically and clinically with pain scores, handgrip strength assesment, two-point discrimination values, functional and disability scales.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 ml of %5 dextrose | Active Comparator | The physical examination, handgrip strength values, two-point discrimination, pain scoring (numeric rating scale), Q-DASH, BCTQ, CTS-6 scores, and ultrasonographically measured median nerve cross-sectional area values of the patients in this group will be evaluated and recorded by the first physician before the treatment and at the second, fourth, and twelfth weeks. The nerve conduction study will be examined by the second physician before the treatment and at the twelfth week. Patients in this group will be treated with ultrasound-guided median nerve hydrodissection by in-plane technique with 5 ml of %5 dextrose solution. |
|
| 10 ml of %5 dextrose | Active Comparator | The physical examination, handgrip strength values, two-point discrimination, pain scoring (numeric rating scale), Q-DASH, BCTQ, CTS-6 scores, and ultrasonographically measured median nerve cross-sectional area values of the patients in this group will be evaluated and recorded by the first physician before the treatment and at the second, fourth, and twelfth weeks. The nerve conduction study will be examined by the second physician before the treatment and at the twelfth week. Patients in this group will be treated with ultrasound-guided median nerve hydrodissection by in-plane technique with 10 ml of %5 dextrose solution. |
|
| 2 ml of 8 mg dexamethasone + 3 ml normal saline | Active Comparator | The physical examination, handgrip strength values, two-point discrimination, pain scoring (numeric rating scale), Q-DASH, BCTQ, CTS-6 scores, and ultrasonographically measured median nerve cross-sectional area values of the patients in this group will be evaluated and recorded by the first physician before the treatment and at the second, fourth, and twelfth weeks. The nerve conduction study will be examined by the second physician before the treatment and at the twelfth week. Patients in this group will be treated with ultrasound-guided median nerve hydrodissection by in-plane technique with 2 ml of 8 mg dexamethasone + 3 ml %0,9 NaCl solution (normal saline). |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasound-guided median nerve hydrodissection | Procedure | Injected wrist will be supinated and slightly dorsiflexed. The transducer of the ultrasound will be placed transversely at the proximal carpal inlet. After sterile preparation, a 22 gauge needle will be inserted using the short-axis technique, in-plane ulnar approach. During hydrodissection, separation of either between the median nerve and flexor retinaculum or between the median nerve and the underlying flexor tendons will be visually confirmed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical improvement measured by change in Numeric Rating Scale | A numerical rating scale (NRS) requires the patient to rate their pain on a defined scale. Scale ranges from '0' representing "no pain" to '10' representing "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable". Higher scores related to worse outcome. | Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 12th week |
| Functional and clinical improvement measured by change in Quick- Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Q-DASH) Scores | The Q-DASH questionnaire, which is a shortened version of the DASH questionnaire, consists of 11 items to measure physical functions and symptoms of the upper extremity. In order for the Q-DASH score to be calculated, at least 10 of the 11 topics must be answered. All items are scored between 1-5. In this scoring, 1 point indicates not having any difficulty during the activity, while 5 points indicates not being able to do the activity at all. Calculating the total score as 0 (zero) indicates no disability, while the highest score of 100 indicates the highest disability. In our study, the investigator will use the Turkish form of the Q-DASH questionnaire, whose validity and reliability has been demonstrated. | Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 12th week |
| Change in median nerve cross-sectional area values | The median nerve cross-sectional area value will be measured by ultrasound at the proximal inlet of the carpal tunnel at the level of the os pisiforme and os hamatum. | Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 12th week |
| Functional and clinical improvement measured by change in Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) | It is a symptom and functionality assessment questionnaire for carpal tunnel syndrome developed by Levine et al. in 1993. It consists of two parts that evaluate symptom severity (Symptom Severity Scale) and functional status (Functional Status Scale). It consists of 11 questions about symptoms and 8 questions about functional status and has 5 possible answers. Each answer is scored between 1-5. The two sections are evaluated separately and the total score obtained. Minimum Symptom Severity Scale score is 11 and maximum score is 55. Minimum Functional Status Scale score is 8 and maximum score is 40. Calculating the total score as 19 (nineteen) indicates no disability, while the highest score of 95 (ninety five) indicates the highest disability. In our study, the investigator will use the Turkish language version of BCTQ, the validity and reliability of which has been demonstrated. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in hand grip strength values | Measured by Jamar hand dynomometry, scored in kilograms, higher scores indicate better outcomes | Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 12th week |
| Change in two point discrimination test values |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sevgi S Kurtoglu, MD | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | Principal Investigator |
| Kenan Akgun, MD | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | Study Director |
| Rana Terlemez, MD | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | Study Chair |
| Jale Zare, MD | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC) | Istanbul | Fatih | 34744 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27751557 | Background | Padua L, Coraci D, Erra C, Pazzaglia C, Paolasso I, Loreti C, Caliandro P, Hobson-Webb LD. Carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Nov;15(12):1273-1284. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30231-9. Epub 2016 Oct 11. | |
| 11805259 | Background | Mondelli M, Giannini F, Giacchi M. Carpal tunnel syndrome incidence in a general population. Neurology. 2002 Jan 22;58(2):289-94. doi: 10.1212/wnl.58.2.289. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The patient, the administering physician, the physician conducting the clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation, and the physician performing the electrophysiological examination will not be informed about the injection materials assigned to the patients.
|
| 2 ml of 8 mg dexamethasone + 8 ml normal saline | Active Comparator | The physical examination, handgrip strength values, two-point discrimination, pain scoring (numeric rating scale), Q-DASH, BCTQ, CTS-6 scores, and ultrasonographically measured median nerve cross-sectional area values of the patients in this group will be evaluated and recorded by the first physician before the treatment and at the second, fourth, and twelfth weeks. The nerve conduction study will be examined by the second physician before the treatment and at the twelfth week. Patients in this group will be treated with ultrasound-guided median nerve hydrodissection by in-plane technique with 2 ml of 8 mg dexamethasone + 8 ml %0,9 NaCl solution (normal saline). |
|
|
| Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 12th week |
| Change in median sensory nerve latency (SNL) values from the electrophysiological study | Electrophysiological Study: Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies of both median and ulnar nerve | Baseline, 12th week |
| Change in median nerve distal motor latency (DML) values from the electrophysiological study | Electrophysiological Study: Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies of both median and ulnar nerve | Baseline, 12th week |
| Change in median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) values from the electrophysiological study | Electrophysiological Study: Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies of both median and ulnar nerve | Baseline, 12th week |
| Change in median nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) values from the electrophysiological study | Electrophysiological Study: Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies of both median and ulnar nerve | Baseline, 12th week |
| Change in median motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) values from the electrophysiological study | Electrophysiological Study: Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies of both median and ulnar nerve | Baseline, 12th week |
| Change in median sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) values from the electrophysiological study | Electrophysiological Study: Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies of both median and ulnar nerve | Baseline, 12th week |
| Change in 6-item CTS symptoms scale scores | It consists of 6 items. A special score was created for each item. The score of each item is calculated by addition. Minimum score is 0 (zero), maximum score is 26 (twenty six). Patients who score 12 points or more in total are highly expected to have CTS. | Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 12th week |
Measured 4-8 mm, higher than 5 mm score considered abnormal discrimination and higher scores indicates worse outcomes
| Baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 12th week |
| 10411196 | Background | Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, Rosen I. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA. 1999 Jul 14;282(2):153-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.2.153. |
| 10563608 | Background | Padua L, Padua R, Lo Monaco M, Aprile I, Tonali P. Multiperspective assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a multicenter study. Italian CTS Study Group. Neurology. 1999 Nov 10;53(8):1654-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.53.8.1654. |
| 15155897 | Background | Wong SM, Griffith JF, Hui AC, Lo SK, Fu M, Wong KS. Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnostic usefulness of sonography. Radiology. 2004 Jul;232(1):93-9. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2321030071. Epub 2004 May 20. |
| 20963527 | Background | Fowler JR, Gaughan JP, Ilyas AM. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011 Apr;469(4):1089-94. doi: 10.1007/s11999-010-1637-5. Epub 2010 Oct 21. |
| 9325471 | Background | Padua L, LoMonaco M, Gregori B, Valente EM, Padua R, Tonali P. Neurophysiological classification and sensitivity in 500 carpal tunnel syndrome hands. Acta Neurol Scand. 1997 Oct;96(4):211-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00271.x. |
| 8947287 | Background | Padua L, LoMonaco M, Aulisa L, Tamburrelli F, Valente EM, Padua R, Gregori B, Tonali P. Surgical prognosis in carpal tunnel syndrome: usefulness of a preoperative neurophysiological assessment. Acta Neurol Scand. 1996 Nov;94(5):343-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb07077.x. |
| 8232399 | Background | Jablecki CK, Andary MT, So YT, Wilkins DE, Williams FH. Literature review of the usefulness of nerve conduction studies and electromyography for the evaluation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. AAEM Quality Assurance Committee. Muscle Nerve. 1993 Dec;16(12):1392-414. doi: 10.1002/mus.880161220. |
| 32124335 | Background | Ostergaard PJ, Meyer MA, Earp BE. Non-operative Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020 Apr;13(2):141-147. doi: 10.1007/s12178-020-09616-0. |
| Background | Malone DG, Clark TB, Wei N. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection, hydrodissection, and fenestration for carpal tunnel syndrome: description of a new technique. J Appl Res. (2010) 10:117. |
| 28622409 | Background | Evers S, Thoreson AR, Smith J, Zhao C, Geske JR, Amadio PC. Ultrasound-guided hydrodissection decreases gliding resistance of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Muscle Nerve. 2018 Jan;57(1):25-32. doi: 10.1002/mus.25723. Epub 2017 Jul 6. |
| 33391002 | Background | Lin MT, Liao CL, Hsiao MY, Hsueh HW, Chao CC, Wu CH. Volume Matters in Ultrasound-Guided Perineural Dextrose Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Three-Arm Trial. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Dec 17;11:625830. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.625830. eCollection 2020. |
| 33746745 | Background | Buntragulpoontawee M, Chang KV, Vitoonpong T, Pornjaksawan S, Kitisak K, Saokaew S, Kanchanasurakit S. The Effectiveness and Safety of Commonly Used Injectates for Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodissection Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Entrapment Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 5;11:621150. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.621150. eCollection 2020. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002349 | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| D020423 | Median Neuropathy |
| D002607 | Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020422 | Mononeuropathies |
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009408 | Nerve Compression Syndromes |
| D012090 | Cumulative Trauma Disorders |
| D013180 | Sprains and Strains |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D015417 | Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy |
| D009421 | Nervous System Malformations |
| D020271 | Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D011115 | Polyneuropathies |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D030342 | Genetic Diseases, Inborn |
Not provided
Not provided