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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Istanbul Kent University | OTHER |
| Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | OTHER |
| Istanbul Demiroglu Bilim University | OTHER |
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Mobilisation with movement (Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAG)). method has been shown to have significant effects on pain, joint range of motion, and functionality in patients with neck pain. However, there is a lack of studies examining the effects of this technique on muscle stiffness associated with neck pain. Considering the immediate effects of a single session of lumbar SNAG application on lumbar muscle stiffness in patients with low back pain, it raises curiosity about the effects it would have on cervical spinal segments and surrounding muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate the immediate effects of Mulligan SNAG application on muscle stiffness, pain, and joint range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain.
This study is designed as a parallel double-blind randomized controlled trial. Patients will be divided into two groups: the Mobilization with Movement Group (MMG) and the Sham Group (SG). The MMG will receive cervical mobilization (SNAG) treatment. The SG, on the other hand, will receive active joint movements without the 'sliding' motion applied to the spinal segment. Prior to and immediately after the intervention, participants will undergo myometric evaluation of neck muscles, joint range of motion measurements, and pressure pain threshold measurements bilaterally, followed by assessment of the individual's pain and level of disability using questionnaires related to pain and pain-associated disability. A 2-minute break will be provided after the intervention before reassessment is conducted. Patients will not be followed up.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mobilization with movement group | Experimental |
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| Sham group | Sham Comparator |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobilisation with movement | Other | The physiotherapist places the medial edge of the thumb of one hand on the upper facet joint of the relevant segment, then applies superior-anterior slide to the facet joint by providing support with the thumb of the other hand. The 'gliding' movement is maintained while the patient actively performs the unilateral neck rotation movement and maintains it for a few seconds at the end of the movement. If joint movement is painful, attempts are made on the other facet joint of the same segment or on the spinous process. If this attempt does not immediately improve the patient's active joint motion, Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAG) will be applied to the upper part of the left zygapophysial joint, and in case of failure again, application will be made through the superior spinous process of the relevant segment. Painless joint movement will be applied in 6 repetitions and 3 sets. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle stiffness | Muscle stiffness will be measured with MyotonPRO (Myoton SA, Tallinn, Estonia). A brief mechanical pulse is applied to the skin over the muscle and then quickly released. Stiffness (N/m) is a parameter related to the capacity to withstand an external force. The reliability of the device has been proven in healthy individuals.The measurement site will be marked on the skin with a pen. In all applications, MyotonPRO's probe will be placed perpendicular to the skin and 3 measurements will be recorded using the multi-scanning mode with 10 pulses 1 second apart, and the average of the 3 measurements will be used for analysis. Upper trapezius: Evaluation will be performed in prone position. Measurements are from the midpoint between the lateral edge of the acromion and the spinous process of C7. Sternocleidomastoid: Measurements will be made at the midpoint between the sternum and the mastoid protrusion, with individuals lying in a supine position with a soft pillow under the neck. | Baseline and immediately after application. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Joint Range of Motion | An dual digital inclinometer (ACUMAR Model 002; Lafayette Instrument Company, Lafayette, Indiana) will be used to measure cervical rotation. The device consists of two simple digital inclinometers connected to each other with the help of cables. Measured joint range of motions are displayed on the screen on the digital inclinometer. | Baseline and immediately after application. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Kent University | Istanbul | 34320 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009068 | Movement |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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A Parallel, double blind, randomised controlled trial
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The physiotherapist who will apply the evaluation methods to be used in our study will be blind to the group distribution of the patients. Additionally, patients will be blind to the procedure.
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| Sham mobilisation | Other | While the patients are sitting in a chair with a supported back, the spinal segment where pain is felt in neck joint movements will be determined. Without applying a sliding movement to this segment over the facet joint, only sensory input will be given and the patient will be asked to continue the active rotation movement and wait a few seconds at the end of the movement. The application will be completed as 6 repetitions and 3 sets. |
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| Numeric Pain Rating Scale | Pain intensity of patients with neck pain will be obtained with the Numerical Rating Scale, which is reported to be a reliable and valid scale in determining pain intensity in the literature. In the scale, 0 indicates no pain and 100 indicates unbearable pain. | Baseline and immediately after application. |
| Neck Disability Index | Neck Disability Index (NDI) was used to evaluate the level of disability due to neck pain, which is a reliable and valid scale to determine the disability level of patients with chronic mechanical neck pain. NDI consists of 10 sections: pain intensity, personal care, weight lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, working, driving, sleep, and recreation. The score in each section varies between 0 (no disability) and 5 (complete disability). The total score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 50 (complete disability). | Baseline |