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Complex task training may be more effective than simple task training in promoting functional recovery and brain restructuring in stroke participants. The researchers intend to investigate the real-time changes in plantar pressure and electroencephalographic signals in stroke participants during two complex tasks: pedal walking and visual-deprivation walking. The research hypothesis is that pedal walking and visual-deprivation walking can improve the difference of plantar pressure between the affected and unaffected lower limbs of stroke participants, and cause corresponding electroencephalographic changes.
Stroke participants perform the following tasks after wearing a plantar pressure device and a 32-lead electroencephalographic cap. First, stroke participants walk on the pedal on the lower limbs of the affected side. Then the researchers cover the participants' eyes with an eye mask, the participants perform the task of visual-deprivation walking. Finally, the participants walk on a flat surface. Each walking task lasts for 60 seconds. The participants can rest for 3-5 minutes between tasks.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| stroke participants | Stroke participants performe pedal walking and visual-deprivation walking successively. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pedal walking | Other | Pedal walking is a challenging task for stroke participants and can be used as a means of stroke rehabilitation. A cross-sectional study is conducted to investigate the real-time changes in plantar pressure and electroencephalogram during pedal walking in stroke participants. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| phase-amplitude coupling | Phase-amplitude coupling is a type of cross-phase coupling that represents the coupling between the phase of slow oscillations and the amplitude of fast oscillations. | Real-time monitoring of electroencephalography data will occur while participants are walking. The Time Frame for data collection will encompass the entire duration of each participant's walking session, which lasts for 60 seconds. |
| phase-frequency coupling | Phase-frequency coupling is a generic form of the cross-frequency coupling model, representing the coupling between the slow oscillations phase and the fast oscillations frequency. | Real-time monitoring of electroencephalography data will occur while participants are walking. The Time Frame for data collection will encompass the entire duration of each participant's walking session, which lasts for 60 seconds. |
| phase-phase coupling | Phase-phase coupling is a special form of cross-phase coupling that represents the coupling between the phases of slow and fast oscillations, which can occur even when the coupling is very weak. | Real-time monitoring of electroencephalography data will occur while participants are walking. The Time Frame for data collection will encompass the entire duration of each participant's walking session, which lasts for 60 seconds. |
| Amplitude-amplitude coupling | Amplitude-amplitude coupling is a form of cross-phase coupling that represents the coupling between the amplitudes of slow oscillations and fast oscillations . | Real-time monitoring of electroencephalography data will occur while participants are walking. The Time Frame for data collection will encompass the entire duration of each participant's walking session, which lasts for 60 seconds. |
| relative power |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Stroke participants recruited from inpatient and outpatient departments of tertiary hospitals.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Xia Li Zhang, doctor | Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University | Nanjing | Jiangsu | 210000 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28679843 | Background | Oliveira AS, Schlink BR, Hairston WD, Konig P, Ferris DP. Restricted vision increases sensorimotor cortex involvement in human walking. J Neurophysiol. 2017 Oct 1;118(4):1943-1951. doi: 10.1152/jn.00926.2016. Epub 2017 Jul 5. | |
| 34182403 | Background | Fettrow T, Hupfeld K, Tays G, Clark DJ, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Seidler RD. Brain activity during walking in older adults: Implications for compensatory versus dysfunctional accounts. Neurobiol Aging. 2021 Sep;105:349-364. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.015. Epub 2021 May 31. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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|
| visual-deprivation walking | Other | visual-deprivation walking is a challenging task for stroke participants and can be used as a means of stroke rehabilitation.A cross-sectional study is conducted to investigate the real-time changes in plantar pressure and electroencephalogram during visual-deprivation walking in stroke participants. |
|
Relative power reflects the frequency domain changes of electroencephalogram.
| Real-time monitoring of electroencephalography data will occur while participants are walking. The Time Frame for data collection will encompass the entire duration of each participant's walking session, which lasts for 60 seconds. |
| weight Phase Lag Index | The weight phase lag index is an index of brain functional connectivity, can continuously measure the connectivity of the coupling of neural oscillatory activity. | Real-time monitoring of electroencephalography data will occur while participants are walking. The Time Frame for data collection will encompass the entire duration of each participant's walking session, which lasts for 60 seconds. |
| peak pressure | Peak pressure reflects the maximum pressure on the entire sole of the foot. | Through study completion, an average of 2 months. |
| 16415682 | Result | Krakauer JW. Motor learning: its relevance to stroke recovery and neurorehabilitation. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Feb;19(1):84-90. doi: 10.1097/01.wco.0000200544.29915.cc. |
| 41896914 | Derived | Zhao J, Zhuang X, Wang H, Xu H, Zhang Q, Zhang L. Brain adaptations in challenging walking task of people with stroke: an experimental study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2026 Mar 27;23(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s12984-026-01951-6. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |