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Postoperative pulmonary complications are serious threat to surgical patients, especially to high-risk geriatric patients. There is evidence that laryngeal mask airway is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications in comparison with tracheal intubation. However, conclusion may reverse among frail population such as high-risk geriatric patients. Geriatric patients are often associated with loose mask seal due to physiological changes, which may increase chances of aspiration and pose challenges to intraoperative airway maintenance. It was reported that laryngeal mask airway causes more atelectasis among children, but no report among high-risk elderly. The investigators therefore propose this study to verify the non-inferior effect of laryngeal mask airway compared to tracheal intubation on postoperative pulmonary complications among high-risk geriatric patients undergoing elective non-cardiothoracic surgeries.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| laryngeal mask airway | Active Comparator | In this group, patients use a laryngeal mask airway for intraoperative mechanical ventilation. |
|
| endotracheal intubation | Placebo Comparator | In this group, patients use a endotracheal tube for intraoperative mechanical ventilation. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube | Device | The two most commonly used devices for mechanical ventilation. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| PPC | The primary outcome is the incidence of a collapsed composite of postoperative pulmonary complications within 7 postoperative days, diagnosed according to Dr Wang's work published on Anesthesiology, 2022 (PMID: 35226725). | 7 days after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| extrapulmonary complications | extrapulmonary complications according to regular medical reports | 7 days after surgery |
| severity of PPC | Clavien Dindo criteria |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017214 | Laryngeal Masks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007442 | Intubation, Intratracheal |
| D058109 | Airway Management |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D007440 | Intubation |
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| 7 days after surgery |
| diagnosis of PPC | Postoperative pulmonary complications are defined by respiratory infection, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, bronchospasm, and aspiration pneumonia (Diagnosed according to utcome is the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications within 7 postoperative days, diagnosed according to Anesthesiology, 2022 (PMID: 35226725). | 7 days after surgery |
| D008919 |
| Investigative Techniques |
| D008397 | Masks |
| D011482 | Protective Devices |
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
| D000067393 | Personal Protective Equipment |
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |