Target enrolment was not met. The trial is terminated because the radiopharmaceutical is not produced under GMP

This is an interventional, open-label, non comparative phase 2 trial enrolling patients with nonpalpable breast cancer

Nonpalpable breast lesions (NPBLs) represent approximately 30% of the overall tumoral breast lesions undergoing surgery. The Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy (VABB) is a device for needle breast biopsy usefully applied in NPBL. The procedure is highly effective for the diagnosis of NPBLs, with minimal negative effects. The specimen volume obtained through this procedure is great enough to replace the diagnostic surgical excisional biopsy and frozen section intraoperative examination. Biopsies obtained through this method sometimes allow the complete excision of the lesion, representing a valid alternative to the excisional biopsy in case of benign lesion less than 15 mm in size.

After VABB procedure about 10-30% of patients have a complete removal of the neoplastic lesion. About 30% of patients are disease free after surgery because the lesion has been totally removed through diagnostic VABB procedure. The rationale of this project is to treat residual microscopic disease through a radionuclide therapy. Our idea is to administer, following VABB procedure, an avidin-biotin-DOTA-90Y (where DOTA stands for 1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid and Y stands for yttrium) compound into the lesion site in order to eliminate residual tumour cells. The ARTHE approach should increase the rate of disease free cases after excisional biopsy.

The primary objective of this open-label phase I trial is to evaluate the safety of avidin-biotin-DOTA-90Y combination in patients with nonpalpable breast cancer undergoing Vacuum-Assisted- Breast- Biopsy (VABB). The co-primary objective is the evaluation of the preliminary anti-tumor activity of the treatment. The secondary objective is to evaluate the dosimetry and biodistribution of avidin-biotin-DOTA-90Y after loco-regional injection under ultrasound guidance.

ARTHE procedure consists of the ultrasound guided injection of Avidin into the breast tissue corresponding to VABB site followed by an injection of Biotin-DOTA-90Y. The injected Biotin-DOTA-90Y will be in a range 28-126 MBq (megabecquerel) (0.2- 0.3 mL, specific activity of 3.7 GBq/mg) (gigabequerel/milligrams). The investigators will inject 6-10 mg of avidin in a volume of 0.3-0.5 mL, followed by biotin-DOTA-90Y immediately after avidin injection.

The hypothesis that a treatment with avidin-biotin-DOTA-90Y is able to destroy residual cancer cells after VABB will be verified by surgery.

The duration of ARTHE procedure is 3 days, including dosimetry evaluation. Patients will receive conservative surgical treatment (4-7 weeks from ARTHE treatment).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients must have diagnosis of occult breast cancer on the basis of mammography (BIRADS's score 4 - 5)/ultrasound (SCORE 4-5).
2. Pathological diagnosis of in situ or infiltrating breast carcinoma (any histotype)
3. Tumor size >5 and ≤15 mm (at least 13 mm from the skin surface)
4. Female, 18≤age≤75.
5. ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status <2
6. Patients scheduled to receive conservative surgical treatment
7. The effects of investigational medicinal product (IMP) on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because IMP in this trial is known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation and 4 months after completion. See Appendix E for the "Recommendations related to contraception and pregnancy testing in clinical trials". Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
8. Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Histotype different from carcinoma
2. Paget carcinoma
3. Lesions located near to axilla region or skin <13 mm
4. Ongoing pregnancy or breastfeeding
5. Previous treatment with avidin
6. Referred allergy to eggs or latex
7. Patients with metastases should be excluded from this clinical trial.
8. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
9. Patients with previous radiotherapy and/or operation on the same breast, with diffuse microcalcifications will be excluded.
10. Patients with known BRCA (BReast CAncer gene), PALB2 (Partner and Localizer of BRCA2) and CHECK2 (Checkpoint Kinase 2) mutations, grade 3 risk profile or indication to perform a test for germline mutations based on disease characteristics
11. Multifocal tumors are not eligible for the study.
12. History of malignancy within 5 years prior to screening, with the exception of malignancies with a negligible risk of metastasis or death (e.g., 5-year OS (overall survival) rate >90%).