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Young, healthy elite boxers ≥ 18 years old are recruited. Prior to, and immediately after a competitive boxing bout over 3x2 or 3x3 minutes, blood samples are drawn. Boxers are randomized to intervention or control management by 1:1 allocation prior to baseline testing. After the initial post-fight blood sample is drawn and symptom rating using the sports concussion assessment tool-5 (SCAT-5) has been collected, the boxers receive either acute selective head-and-neck cooling for 45 min, or routine post-fight management. The number of head impacts are counted in all boxers on match video recordings. In both groups, blood samples are drawn 45 minutes after the initial post-bout blood sample, as well as 3 and 6 days post-fight.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boxers | Experimental |
| |
| Controls | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PolarCap System | Device | The PolarCap Coolant flows through a silicone-based head cap. An insulating neoprene cover is put on top of the cap to isolate the cold. Using PolarCap system to selective head and neck cooling for 45 minutes post fight in boxing. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Selective head-and-neck cooling in boxing attenuates the release of brain injury biomarkers such as NFL and GFAP post fight. | NFL (Neurofilament light), GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) | 6 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Selective head-and-neck cooling improves symptom rating post fight in boxing, using the Sports Concussion Assessment tool- 5 (SCAT-5). | 6 days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ali Al-Husseini, Medical doctor, phd stud | Contact | +46707267261 | ali.al-husseini@med.lu.se |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Department of Neurosurgery, Sweden | Recruiting | Lund | Skåne County | 22100 | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40523276 | Derived | Al-Husseini A, Tegner Y, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Marklund N. Effects of Selective Head-and-Neck Cooling on Brain Injury-Related Biomarker Levels and Symptom Rating Following a Boxing Bout: Protocol for an Exploratory Randomized Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Jun 16;14:e68954. doi: 10.2196/68954. |
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The PolarCap System consists of a high-powered portable cooling system, designed to reduce brain temperature by controlled cooling of the scalp and neck with a circulating coolant (PolarCap Coolant, PolarCool AB, Lund, Sweden). The coolant is maintained at 0°C and flows through a silicone-based head cap. An insulating neoprene cover is put on top of the cap for isolation.
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