The goal of this observational study is to learn about the risk factors of lifestyle, medication and sexual habits in adult chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome patients. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Is lifestyle, medication, and sexual habits related to chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome
• Is there any medication available to protect men from chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Participants will:

• Independently receive a survey questionnaire on lifestyle, medication, and sexual habits.
• Symptomatic individuals will undergo additional prostate fluid examination for diagnosis.

Researchers will compare healthy adult males to see if there are differences on lifestyle, medication and sexual habits between the two groups.

All participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire which was modified based on Zhang Ran's research. The questionnaire contained the following parts: patient's general situation, dietary habits, disease status, medication, lifestyle, sexual habits and NIH-CPSI index (National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index). Furthermore, the patients underwent digital rectal examination, expressed prostatic secretion microscopy and microbial culture, urinalysis, urine microbial culture and transrectal ultrasonography.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Discomfort or pain in the pelvic region or perineum;
• Symptoms lasting for at least 3 months;
• NIH-CPSI pain score of ≥ 4;
• Controls are volunteers who do not present any prostatitis-related symptoms.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prostate cancer;
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia with a post-void residual urine volume of >50 ml;
• Acute urinary tract infection.

All patients are from Urology Clinic, while all the controls are recruited from the physical examination center of our hospital.