Lack of enrollment

The goal of this study is to find out if the use of ultrasound pictures of bones can spot changes in the growth areas of children with rickets, a condition that affects how bones harden. Researchers want to see if these ultrasound pictures can help tell the difference between children who have rickets and those who don't.

Aims, purpose, or objectives:

1. To determine if ultrasound imaging of bone can identify the changes of impaired mineralization of the growth plates at the wrists and the knees, similar to those visible on plain radiographs.
2. To determine if quantitative vibro-acoustic measurements of the bone in subjects with rickets significantly differs from control subjects, matched for age, sex, and BMI.
3. To determine the relationship of ultrasound images and quantitative vibro-acoustic assessment with rickets severity score (RSS), based on radiographs of the wrists and knees.
4. To determine if longitudinal changes in ultrasound images and quantitative vibro-acoustic assessment with treatment of rickets are related to changes in the rickets severity score.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Cases: Prepubertal children less than 10 years of age with active nutritional or genetic rickets at enrollment (RSS>1.5 based on radiographs of the wrists and knees performed within 3 months prior to enrollment). Cases will be recruited from the Pediatric Endocrinology Bone Clinic or from the Mayo Clinic outpatient or inpatient services in Rochester, MN. Cases who return for follow-up and demonstrate improvement in RSS≥1.0 will be eligible for a single repeat ultrasound evaluation.
• Controls: Healthy children empaneled in Mayo Clinic primary care (Family Medicine or Community Pediatrics) matched for age (±3 months), sex, and BMI (±0.5 kg/m2)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known fracture at imaging site
• Rickets of prematurity

Prepubertal children <10 years of age at enrollment with active nutritional or genetic rickets recruited from the Mayo Clinic Pediatric Endocrinology Bone Clinic or from the Mayo Clinic outpatient or inpatient services in Rochester, MN (cases). Healthy matched control children will be recruited from children empaneled in Mayo Clinic primary care (Family Medicine or Community Pediatrics).