The aim of this study was to develop an radiomic model based on CT images to evaluate markers of the bladder cancer microenvironment, such as TSR,TIL, and IP. Secondly, the association of the radiomic model with clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response was investigated.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. At least 18 years of age;
2. Performing TURB-t or RC during 2010-2022;
3. The primary lesion was located in the bladder, and the pathological diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma;
4. Complete clinical information, pathological data, preoperative pelvic enhanced CT and follow-up records;

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with distant metastasis;
2. Combined with other malignant tumors or malignant tumor treatment history
3. Malignant tumors of upper urinary tract;
4. Clinical information, pathological data, preoperative pelvic enhanced CT and follow-up records were missing;
5. Other situations in which the researcher considers it inappropriate to participate in this study.

Patients with histologically confirmed primary bladder cancers