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This is a voluntary research study to test use of a phone app that is intended to support breastfeeding specifically for African American and Black people. This is called a "pilot" study because the app is still in development. The goal of this research is to see if mothers use the app more when they receive text "nudges" to look at it compared to not getting those "nudges". The research project is being conducted by Lydia Furman MD.
The purpose of the app (which is currently in clickable "wireframe" status, a "pre" app phase) is to support and promote breastfeeding specifically for mothers and fathers/partners who are African American or Black. Other breastfeeding apps have pictures mainly of White or Asian mothers and information that is not oriented toward African American mothers. This app aims to provide accurate and needed breastfeeding information that is culturally attuned.
Up to 24 participants will be enrolled at UHCMC, including up to 20 mothers. Other participants will include up to 4 African American or Black fathers/partners whose partners are interested in breastfeeding.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal participants nudge group | Experimental | Participants in the app "nudge" group receive access to the app and questions with app cues by text weekly prior to delivery and biweekly (every 2 weeks) after delivery through 3 months postpartum. |
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| Maternal participants no nudge group | Other | Participants in the app "no nudge" group receive access to the app and no questions with app cues through 3 months postpartum. |
|
| Father/partner participants nudge group | Experimental | Participants in the app "nudge" group receive access to the app and questions with app cues by text weekly for the first 2 months and then biweekly (every 2 weeks) for another 2 months. |
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| Father/partner participants no nudge group | Other | Participants in the app "no nudge" group receive access to the app and no questions with app cues for 4 months. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App access and Text message | Other | Access to App and Text messages with app related breastfeeding related question |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal participants app usability score | Percentage of participants with System Usability Scale score of >78.8 | Up to 3 months postpartum |
| Father/partner participants app usability score | Percentage of participants with System Usability Scale score of >78.8 | Up to 4 months post-enrollment |
| Maternal participants app engagement score | Percentage of participants with an app interaction score of more than 1 on a 5 point scale with 1 meaning no engagement past week and 5 meaning more than daily engagement in the past week | Up to 3 months postpartum |
| Father/partner participants app engagement score | Percentage of participants with an app interaction score of more than 1 on a 5 point scale with 1 meaning no engagement past week and 5 meaning more than daily engagement in the past week | Up to 4 months post-enrollment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal participants breastfeeding knowledge at enrollment | Percentage of participants with 75% or more correct responses to 4 breastfeeding knowledge questions | At enrollment |
| Maternal participants breastfeeding knowledge after app exposure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Potential participants may enroll as expectant women or as a father/partner. Gender is self-identified.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lydia Furman, MD | University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahuja Rainbow Center for Women and Children | Cleveland | Ohio | 44103 | United States | ||
| Passages, Inc. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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This will be a prospective randomized two arm study for expectant women and a prospective randomized two arm study for fathers/partners. All participants receive access to the wireframe app. Maternal participants will be randomized to nudge or no nudge via text with those in the app "nudge" group receiving questions weekly prior to delivery and biweekly (every 2 weeks) after delivery through 3 months postpartum. The purpose of these "nudges" is to assess whether participants are more likely to access and benefit from the app if they are encouraged to explore it. Father/partner participants will also be randomized to either a nudge or no nudge group with those in the "nudge" group receiving questions weekly for the first two months and then biweekly (every 2 weeks) for another two months.
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| App access only | Other | Access to App without Text messages with app related breastfeeding related question |
|
|
Percentage of participants with 75% or more correct responses to 10 breastfeeding
| At 2 months postpartum |
| Father/partner participants breastfeeding knowledge at enrollment | Percentage of participants with 75% or more correct responses to 4 breastfeeding knowledge questions | At enrollment |
| Father/partner participants breastfeeding knowledge after app exposure | Percentage of participants with 75% or more correct responses to 10 breastfeeding | At 3 months post-enrollment |
| Cleveland |
| Ohio |
| 44103 |
| United States |
| University Hospital MacDonald Women's Hospital | Cleveland | Ohio | 44106 | United States |