Large Amplitude Exercises (based on LSVT-BIG)

1. Bending towards the floor and rising towards the ceiling (opening) while sitting
2. While sitting, turn to the right and left with the body and reach out
3. Sit down
4. Step forward
5. Sidestepping
6. Stepping back
7. Step forward and extend arm towards the ceiling
8. Step sideways and extend arm towards the ceiling
9. Walking with big steps
10. Turning from right to left and left to right while walking

It is a test used to evaluate an individual's aerobic capacity. Individuals are asked to walk as much as possible for 6 minutes in a corridor that is at least 30 meters long and has a flat and hard surface. The distance traveled in 6 minutes is recorded. While the average walking distance is 570 meters for men aged 50-70 and 540 meters for women; It is stated as 530 meters for men aged 70-80 and 470 meters for women. Test results lower than these values may be associated with a decrease in aerobic capacity (American Thoracic Society 2002).

This functional test, which is used to determine the risk of falling in the elderly, contains 13 items for balance and 9 items for walking. In the balance test, each item is scored as 0, 1, 2. In the walking test, each item is scored as 0 or 1. A separate score can be calculated for balance and walking, as well as a total score. It is thought that those with scores of 26 and below have problems in terms of balance and walking functions, and it has been stated in studies that those with scores of 19 and below have a fivefold increased risk of falling compared to normal people (Tinetti 1986; Çifçili et al. 2004; Onat et al. 2014).

In this test, which evaluates the functional strength of the lower extremity, movement transitions, balance and risk of falling, the individual was asked to sit and stand up 5 times as fast as he could, holding his hands across his shoulders. The elapsed time was recorded with a stopwatch (Mong et al. 2010).

It is an assessment scale developed to detect mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive functions evaluated in this test are attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visual structuring skills, abstract thinking, calculation and orientation. It is a short and easy-to-apply scale with an application time of approximately ten minutes. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 0 and the highest score is 30. A total score of 21 or above indicates that the participant is within normal limits. There are various tests used to evaluate cognitive functions in the elderly, and among these tests, the most frequently used scale is a scale that evaluates cognitive functions in different subgroups (Nasreddine et al. 2005). The Turkish validity and reliability study of the test was conducted by Ozdilek et al. (Ozdilek et al. 2014).

It is one of the most appropriate assessments to evaluate functional status as a measurement of the elderly's ability to perform daily living activities independently. Elders are scored yes/no for independence in each of six functions. A score of 6 indicates full function, 4 indicates moderate impairment, and a score of 2 or less indicates severe functional impairment. The index, baseline measurements taken when the patient is well, is among the most effective scales used among older adults in a variety of care settings, compared to periodic or subsequent measurements (Shelkey et al. 2000). The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Pehlivanoğlu et al. (Pehlivanoğlu et al. 2018).

On a scale that describes the individual from 1 (Very Fit) to 9 (Terminal Illness), each category corresponds to a written description of frailty, complete with a visual chart to aid in the clinical classification of frailty. A score of ≥5 is considered mildly frail. The scale provides predictive information about length of hospital stay and mortality in older people. The validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Özsürekci et al.