Based on research and studies, a broad conceptualization of child abuse and neglect has progressively been constructed, defining it as all actions carried out by caregivers that significantly interfere in the child's optimum development and do not adhere to social standards. This conceptualization contemplates aspects such as neglecting physical-biological, cognitive, emotional, and social needs, and the different types of child maltreatment are also classified.

This study aimed too evaluate the psychological and social long-term effects of different types of child abuse.

• Inclusion criteria:

  1. University students passed through the experience of being abused in their childhood
  2. Males and females
  3. Residing in urban or rural area in Al Dakahleya governorate- Egypt

• Exclusion criteria:

  • Individuals with no or questionable history of child abuse

A random sample of 242 participants from university students with history of exposure to child abuse in Al Dakahleya governorate, Egypt, consisted of 151 Males and 91 Females