To distinguish various molecular subtypes of gliomas by spectra data obtained from Raman analyzer, including IDH mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted, ATRX deletion, TERT promoter mutation, MGMT promoter methylation, EGFR amplification, H3 K27-altered, TP53 mutant, PTEN deficiency, ki 67, AQP4, VEGF, and so on, comparing with the results of Immunohistochemistry or genetic test on the same brain tissue samples.

1500 samples were included retrospectively with the spectra data obtained from Raman analyzer to establish clinical intelligence model, modifying the analyzer. Based on statistical calculations, 200 glioma samples will be included in the trial in all trial centers prospectively. Compare the results between the Raman analyzer and Immunohistochemistry or genetic test results. And calculate the AUC, the accuracy, sensitivity, the specificity, and other indicators of Raman analyzer.

During surgery, core tissue samples were taken from subjects. The test samples size:0.2cm\

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who plan to undergo brain lesion tissue resection surgery or have preoperative clinical diagnosis of gliomas and plan to undergo biopsy;
• Patients with clinical diagnosis of initial solitary gliomas, or initial solitary intracranial masses or initial non occupying lesions that do not exclude gliomas (such as intracranial metastatic lesions, intracranial infectious lesions, intracranial demyelinating lesions, central nervous system lymphoma, etc.), who have not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the past based on their medical history;
• The patient or their guardian can understand the research purpose, demonstrate sufficient compliance with the trial protocol, consent for immunohistochemistry or genetic test, and sign an informed consent form;
• It is possible to obtain tissue samples with a length diameter greater than 0.2cm. Patients diagnosed with initial solitary glioma should take core or marginal tissue, while patients diagnosed with initial single intracranial mass or initial non mass lesions but maybe with gliomas should be taken core tissue.

Exclusion Criteria:

Investigator judge that it is not suitable for inclusion.

Blind assessment: Researchers using Raman analyzer during surgery are not aware of the subjects' preoperative diagnostic results, while researchers conducting immunohistochemistry or genetic test after surgery are not aware of the subjects' preoperative diagnostic results and the diagnostic results of Raman analyzer.