To evaluate the association between time from PCI to cancer surgery and cardiovascular and oncologic outcomes in early-stage cancer patients, A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (K-NHIS) database.

Early-stage-cancer patients with a history of PCI who underwent cancer surgery (N = 3621) were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on the time between the dates of PCI and cancer surgery (<12 months and ≥12 months). Patients were stratified into early-surgery and late-surgery, defined as patients who underwent surgery ≥1 and <1 month after cancer diagnosis. Outcomes included bleeding, spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularization, cancer recurrence, and death.

Inclusion Criteria:

• men and women aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed with cancer and underwent cancer surgery within 1 year following diagnosis.
• patients who underwent PCI (procedure code: M6551-M6572, O1640-O1649, OA640-OA649) prior to the cancer surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• participants who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment for cancer

Early-stage cancer patients who underwent PCI before the cancer surgery.