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Motor impairment in lower extremities is common in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Development sensitive test for early motor deviations is important. Conventional walking test cannot induce the PD related motor impairments, such as freezing of gait. Therefore, finding a safe substitute test to induce PD related motor impairments is important.
Studies showed that working memory related dual task walking was a sensitive test for PD. However, the optimal cognitive test needs to be clarified. Studies also showed that the neuromuscular control mechanism of leg movements during cycling were similar to those during walking. Therefore, dual task cycling test is potential to be a safe and sensitive testing model.
Studies showed that exercise could improve cognitive function and induce brain plasticity. Dual task exercise training was shown to be more effective than single task exercise training for older people to prevent fall. Whether the added cognitive task could improve to detriment brain plasticity in PD should be investigated. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can evaluate the motor cortex plasticity on-invasively and can evaluate the exercise induced brain plasticity.
The purpose of this three-year project is to develop PD-sensitive. The purposes of the first year are to translate the dual task walking test to dual task cycling test, and to establish the reliability of the dual task cycling test.
The purposes of the second year are to compare the motor cortex plasticity induced by single task cycling versus dual task cycling and to compare the difference response between PD and healthy control people.
The purpose of the third year is to evaluate the effect of 8 week long term cycling training or treadmill training of individuals with PD on motor cortex plasticity, dual task performance, and ambulation ability.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1:Healthy people | No Intervention | To establish a baseline and ensure reliability, and to explore the relationship between dual-task gait performance and dual-task cycling | |
| No Intervention: Stage 2:PD people | No Intervention | To explore the relationship between dual-task gait and dual-task cycling performances in individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) | |
| Stage 3:PD cycling training group | Experimental | Cycling training conducted with cognitive tasks |
|
| Stage 3: PD treadmill training group | Experimental | Treadmill training conducted with cognitive tasks |
|
| Stage 3:PD Control group | No Intervention | Control group |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive cycling training | Other | Cycling training conducted with cognitive tasks |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Walking Speed | The time taken by participants to walk a standardized distance, typically expressed in centimeters per second (cm/s). | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Step Length | The linear distance between the two ankles, typically expressed in centimeters(cm). | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Step Time | The duration taken for one complete step, measuring from foot-off of one foot to the next foot-off of the same foot, usually expressed in seconds. | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Power Spectral Density (PSD) | Quantifies the power of EEG signals within specific frequency bands (e.g., delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) over a period. | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. |
| Task Accuracy | The percentage of correct responses or actions made by participants in response to walking or cycling tasks. | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. |
| Reaction Time | The duration between the onset of task start time and the participant's response to it, typically expressed in second (s). | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. |
| Balance Performance | Measured by the duration the stance can be maintained, typically expressed second. | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Double Support Time | The portion of the gait cycle where both feet are in contact with the ground, indicating the transition phase between steps, expressed as a percentage of the gait cycle or in seconds. | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Single Support Time |
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Health subjects:
Exclusion Criteria:
PD subjects:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang Gung University | Taoyuan | 333 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010300 | Parkinson Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| Cognitive treadmill training | Other | Treadmill training conducted with cognitive tasks |
|
The duration within the gait cycle when only one foot is in contact with the ground, typically measured in seconds or as a percentage of the total gait cycle. |
| Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Swing Time | The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is not in contact with the ground, moving forward to the next step. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the total gait cycle or in seconds. | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Stance Time | The portion of the gait cycle when the foot is in contact with the ground, supporting body weight. It's typically expressed as a percentage of the total gait cycle or in seconds | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Cadence | The number of steps an individual takes per minute, providing an overview of gait speed and rhythm, , expressed as steps per minute. | Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks |
| Heart rate | The number of heartbeats per minute on resting, walking or cycling tasks. | Baseline |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D000080874 | Synucleinopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |