Electroacupuncture of Different Treatment Frequency in Chronic Urinary Retention Caused by Lower Motor Neuron Lesions

Effects of Electroacupuncture of Different Treatment Frequency in Chronic Urinary Retention Caused by Lower Motor Neuron Lesions: a Prospective Cohort Study

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of electroacupuncture of different frequency in patients with chronic urinary retention caused by lower motor neuron lesions

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with urinary retention caused by lower motor neuron lesions (e.g., sacral plexus, cauda equina, or sacral cord lesions).
• 18 years or older.
• Baseline post void residuals (PVR) ≥150 mL.
• The course of urinary retention ≥1 month.
• Having normal bladder sensation.
• Using clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), indwelling catheterization (IC), manual assisted voiding including putting pressure on abdomen, or cystostomy catheterization.
• Signed informed consent and voluntary participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having a lower urinary tract obstruction, such as bladder neck contracture, urethral stricture, prostatic hyperplasia, or large urinary stones that can cause obstruction.
• Having any type of malignant tumors not removed.
• Having severe systemic disorders not controlled.
• Having implanted electrodes of cardiac pacemaker, pudendal nerve stimulation, bladder stimulation, or SNM.
• Pregnancy or lactation.
• Eletroacupuncture treatment duration < 2 weeks.