The goal of this observational study is to explore and learn about violence against women (VAW) among reproductive-aged women in Asia and Oceania countries. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• pattern and prevalence of VAW among reproductive-aged women
• knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards VAW among reproductive-aged women
• the need of support services for VAW among reproductive-aged women

Participants will be ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. The definition of "ever-partnered women" included women who have current and former husbands; current and former cohabiting; or non-cohabiting male intimate partners.

Violence against women (VAW) is a global issue that threatens women's physical and emotional wellbeing, and impacts women worldwide, regardless of age, race, ethnicity, or nationality. This survey aims to investigate 1) the pattern and prevalence of VAW among reproductive-aged women; 2) the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards VAW among reproductive-aged women; and 3) the need of support services for VAW among reproductive-aged women.

This multinational, hospital-based, cross-sectional study will be carried out in Asia and Oceania countries. We will select the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Department or Women Health Unit in each nation. Minimum of 400 female citizen in each country will be recruited if they are aged 15-49 years, ever-partnered women, and agree to finish the questionnaire.

The questionnaire, developed in English with inputs from literature and experts, comprises four sections: 1) basic participant characteristics, 2) patterns and prevalence of violence, 3) knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards violence, and 4) the need for support services. A pilot study will validate and translate the questionnaire into the target languages, ensuring content relevance and sensitivity to the target culture through forward and backward translation processes. The reliability of the questionnaire will be assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

Data collection involves preparatory steps such as developing a training manual for interviewers, addressing potential issues, and advertising the survey. Central investigators will monitor the data collection process, with data collected through self-administered questionnaires. The use of REDCap software aims to manage surveys efficiently and prevent multiple participations. A paper-based questionnaire could be used in some areas when necessary.

Inclusion Criteria:

• ever-partnered women
• aged 15-49 years

The definition of "ever-partnered women" included women who have current and former husbands; current and former cohabiting; or non-cohabiting male intimate partners.

Exclusion Criteria:

• declined to participate
• dropped out midway

Women in Asia and Oceania countries, who register at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Department or Women Health Unit. Participant's biological sex should be female.

Since this will be a multinational survey, we will decide after discussing about this issue with investigators of each country.