The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effectiveness of Optune® (Tumor Treating Fields) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) in China. The main question it aims to answer are:

• The efficacy of Optune® as an concomitant/adjuvant to radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) alone in the treatment of newly diagnosed GBM patients.
• The effectiveness of Optune® given concomitantly with RT and TMZ in newly diagnosed GBM patients, compared to RT and TMZ alone.

Participants will:

• Receive or not receive TTFields.
• Concomitantly or adjuvantly receive TTFields.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effectiveness of Optune® (Tumor Treating Fields) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) in China. The main question it aims to answer are:

• The efficacy of Optune® as an concomitant/adjuvant to radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) alone in the treatment of newly diagnosed GBM patients.
• The effectiveness of Optune® given concomitantly with RT and TMZ in newly diagnosed GBM patients, compared to RT and TMZ alone.

Participants will:

Step 1:

• Treatment arm I: Patients receive standard RT + TMZ, followed by maintenance TMZ, with Optune® starts during peri-radiotherapy period (2 month before to 3 months after radiotherapy). The duration of TTFields lasts for at least 2 months.
• Treatment arm II: Patients receive RT and TMZ alone, followed by maintenance TMZ concomitant.

Step 2:

• Treatment arm I: Patients receive TTFields at 200 kHz to the brain using the Optune® System together with RT and TMZ, followed by maintenance TMZ concomitant with the Optune® treatment. The duration of TTFields lasts for at least 2 months. If the subject is assigned to this treatment arm, Optune® therapy will begin no later than the 7th day of RT and TMZ treatment.
• Treatment arm II: Patients receive RT and TMZ alone, followed by maintenance TMZ concomitant with TTFields at 200 kHz to the brain using the Optune® within 3 months after radiotherapy for at least 2 months.

Researchers will compare the overall survival of each arm to see if TTFields demonstrates an improvement in survival outcomes within the Chinese population in real-world practice, and whether this efficacy is further enhanced when combined with RT and TMZ.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically confirmed diagnosis of GBM according to WHO classification criteria.
2. Age ≥ 18 years.
3. Recovered from maximal debulking surgery.
4. Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60.
5. Planned treatment with RT/TMZ followed by maintenance TMZ.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Progressive disease (per investigator's assessment).
2. Infratentorial or leptomeningeal disease.
3. Significant co-morbidities at baseline which would preclude maintenance RT or TMZ treatment.
4. Any serious surgical/post-operative condition that may risk the patient according to the investigator.

Patients who are diagosed and whose surgery and radiotheraoy are finished in West China Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Henan Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University