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The aim of this project is to find out if there is a difference in addictive behavior, personality traits, and cognitive abilities between chess players and non-chess players.
In the present planned study, tournament chess players will be compared with non-tournament chess playing individuals by means of an online survey. Among other things, the investigators want to investigate whether these groups of persons differ in various characteristics such as their consumption behavior (alcohol, tobacco, and drug use), their personality, their depressiveness and mood, or their cognitive abilities. The background is the question whether playing chess could be protective against substance use disorders or could mitigate the manifestation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chess players | Chess players who play tournament chess and have a DWZ (deutsche Wertungszahl) and/or ELO rating | ||
| Non-chess players | Non-chess players or hobby chess players who do not have a DWZ or ELO rating |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Substance Craving | Mannheimer Craving Scale (MACS), Nakovics, Diehl, Geiselhart, & Mann, 2009 | baseline |
| Alcohol Use | Alcohol Use Disorders Indentification Scale (AUDIT-C), Bohn, Babor, & Kranzler, 1995 | baseline |
| Automatic Alcohol Craving | Craving Automated Scale - Alcohol (CAS-A), Vollstädt-Klein, Leménager, Jorde, Kiefer, & Nakovics, 2015 | baseline |
| Severity of Nicotine Dependence | Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerström, 1991 | baseline |
| Automatic Cigarette Craving | Craving Automated Scale - Cigarette Smoking (CAS-CS), Tan et al., 2022 | baseline |
| Smoking Consequences | Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ), Lewis-Esquerre, Rodrigue, & Kahler, 2005 | baseline |
| Drug Abuse | Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), Lam et al., 2015 | baseline |
| Personality | NEO five factor inventory (NEO-FFI), Körner et al., 2008 | baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The survey is aimed at people who are at least 18 years old. There is no upper age limit. There is a division into two groups. Firstly, people who play chess in a club and have a DWZ (German rating). Secondly, there is a comparison group of people who do not play chess or only play chess as a hobby and therefore do not have a DWZ.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Prof. Dr. | Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit | Mannheim | Germany |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016739 | Behavior, Addictive |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003192 | Compulsive Behavior |
| D007175 | Impulsive Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
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| Depression | Beck Depressions Inventar - II (BDI-II) Kühner, Bürger, Keller, & Hautzinger, 2007 | baseline |
| Anxiety | State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI - trait Version), Spielberger, 1983 | baseline |
| self-efficacy | Self-efficacy expectancy (SWE) Jerusalem & Schwarzer, 1999 | baseline |
| coping with stress | Brief COPE, Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989 | baseline |
| Inhibition capacity | Stop Signal Task (Sebastian et al., 2013) | baseline |
| Working Memory capacity | N-back Task (Charlet et al., 2014) | baseline |
| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |