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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| HELIOS Hospital, Erfurt, Germany | OTHER |
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The goal of this observational cohort study is to compare patients with very low red blood counts who receive different therapy. Its main question[s] it aims to answer are:
Background:
There seems to be a clear relationship between hemoglobin level and inhospital morbidity and mortality. To mitigate negative effects of lower hemoglobin levels, that is, anemia, transfusions are given when the hemoglobin level of the patient reaches a point deemed detrimental by the treating health care personnel. Patient Blood Management (PBM) adds to the armamentarium of anemia therapy, starting typically well before transfusions are given, and sometimes beyond this point. PBM utilizes medical strategies to enhance the patients own red cell mass and to alleviate the ill effects of disease and bleeding on hematopoesis and homeostasis.
Objective:
The objectives of the present study is to investigate the effects of 2 different management strategies of severe anemia, namely PBM exclusively or PBM with transfusion therapy, and compare them to standard transfusion therapy as regards inhospital mortality and morbidity.
Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that severely anemic participants who received a combination of PBM and restrictive transfusion regime would have a lower mortality and less complications than participants receiving a liberal transfusion therapy without PBM, while participants not being transfused at all will have increased mortality and morbidity.
Setting: The study will be performed at HELIOS Klinikum Gotha (HKG) and Helios Klinikum Erfurt (HKE) which are two neighboring hospitals with overlapping personnel, purchasing, IT departments and standard operating procedures. Both hospitals offer basic, advanced and specialist care to their communities. HKG offers PBM to their patients, while HKE does not.
Data sources: Data will be sourced from the hospital information systems of HKG and HKE.
Diseases are coded with the ICD-10-GM (International Code of Diseases, Version 10, Germany) and procedures using the OPS code (Procedure Key, analogous to the International Code of Procedures).
Participants: All adult patients treated between 1.6.2008 and 31.12.2020 in HKG and HKE will be eligible for enrollment when they were treated by a specialty that both hospitals offer and suffer from severe anemia, defined as a nadir hemoglobin of < 8 g/dL.
Interventions:
Study group 1: Participants in this group received full PBM measures as clinically appropriate, but were not transfused at all.
Study group 2: Participants in this group received convenience measures of PBM and were transfused as deemed necessary in an environment where a restrictive transfusion strategy is encouraged.
Control:
The control group was treated without systematic PBM offered to patients and transfusions were the only standard of care for severely anemic patients.
Outcome:
Primary outcome is inhospital mortality. Secondary outcomes are morbidity measures, such as acute myocardial infarction, blood stream infection, cerebrovascular accident, transfusion complications, readmission rates, etc.
Study design:
This is a dual-center, retrospective observational cohort study. Reporting of results will be performed in line with the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement extension of the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.
The study will be guided by a study protocol with an attached statistical analysis plan.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBM only | Participants in study group 1 receive full PBM while they opted not to receive transfusions. Full PBM included an individualized, structured approach to detection and management of anemia, bleeding and coagulopathy. PBM is provided in a timely manner. |
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| PBM with transfusion | Participants in the study group 2 receive partial PBM together with transfusions when deemed necessary. Transfusions are given by physicians encouraged to use a restrictive transfusion strategy. PBM is delivered to patients at a convenient time, resorting to a set of standard PBM measures rather than individualized care. |
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| Transfusion only | The control group is treated in an environment where PBM is not implemented and transfusion is the standard therapy for severe anemia. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Blood Management (PBM) | Other | PBM is a strategy to manage the participant's own blood. Its focus is on anemia, bleeding and coagulation management. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of dead participants at the end of hospitalization (inhospital mortality) | Death at discharge from hospital | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants with surgical wound complications | Number of participants with a documented presence of surgical wound complications (according to pre-specified ICD list) | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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all hospitalized participants admitted to Helios Klinikum Gotha and Erfurt between 2008 and 2020
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petra Seeber | Contact | +49-3621-2200 | petra.seeber@helios-gesundheit.de |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Petra Seeber | HELIOS Klinikum Gotha | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helios Klinikum | Erfurt | Thuringia | Germany |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000740 | Anemia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006402 | Hematologic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
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| Allogeneic transfusion | Biological | Anemia is treated by administering donor red cells, and bleeding or coagulopathy by plasma, platelets or other donor blood products. |
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| Number of participants with a documented acute myocardial infarction | Acute myocardial infarction (as documented by increase in troponin in conjunction with AMI diagnose) | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Number of participants suffering renal injury | Renal injury (according to RIFLE criteria) | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Number of days spent in hospital (Length of stay in hospital) | Length of stay in hospital, calculated in days | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Number of participants readmitted to the studied hospital | Readmission within 30 days | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Number of participants with a documented transfusion reaction | Transfusion reactions (according to ICD codes T80.3 and T80.4) | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Number of participants receiving an allogeneic transfusion | Transfusion rates per admission, calculated for red blood cells, platelets, plasma | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Number of participants treated in an intensive care ward | Indicator whether or not the participant was treated in an intensive care unit | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Number of participants with documented respiratory complications | Respiratory complications as documented by ventilation support rate (per admission) | From date of admission to hospital until the date of discharge from hospital or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed for the whole hospitalization period, assessed up to 100 months |
| Helios Klinikum | Gotha | Thuringia | 99867 | Germany |
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