PrevaLence of Albuminuria in Patients With CARdiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: a National Cross-sectional Study

PrevaLence of Albuminuria in Patients With CARdiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: a National Cross-sectional Study

The association between Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is well established. Traditional risk factors for CVD and CKD are similar, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) being the most prevalent risk factor. However, CKD is underdiagnosed and undertreated in patients with CVD. Further understanding of the combination of CKD in CVD patients is important to formulate prevention and treatment strategies for CVD patients and high-risk groups, reduce adverse events in CVD patients, and prevent progression of CKD to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).

The PLACARD study will include approximately 3,000 patients presenting to the cardiology department with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of proteinuria (urinary ACR) in type 2 diabetic patients with different cardiovascular diseases, both inpatient and outpatient in the cardiology departments of secondary and tertiary hospitals in China. Participants will be recruited at 30 clinical centers for a period of six months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years old;
• Diagnosed T2DM combined with ≥1 CVD (hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure);
• During the data collection period, they went to the outpatient clinic of the cardiology department of the research center, or received treatment in the cardiology department;
• Ability to self-sign informed consent (electronic /paper).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or lactating women;

• Dialysis patients;

• Other diseases that lead to elevated albuminuria, such as severe infection, confirmed primary glomerular disease, etc.;

  . Malignant tumors being treated (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or targeted therapy);

• Cachexia (CSS score ≥ 5 points);

• Severe liver disease (Child- Pugh grade C) ;

• Participated in an interventional clinical trial in the past three months.