The Yakson method continued for 15 minutes with steady touch (5 minutes), compassionate caressing (5 minutes), and repetition of steady touch (5 minutes). In the Yakson touch method, the palms of the practitioner and all fingers were kept in close contact so that the infants did not feel pressure.

1. Steady touch (5 minutes): One hand rested on the chest and abdomen of the preterm infant, while the other hand supported the back and hip of the preterm infant.
2. Compassionate Caress (5 minutes): In the same hand position, the practitioner repeated caressing and resting for 5 minutes: Caress (1 minute), rest (30 seconds), caress (1 minute), rest (30 seconds), and caress (2 minutes). The practitioner caressed the infants' chest and belly with a 1 cm diameter clockwise circular movement every 10 seconds.
3. Steady touch (5 minutes): The practitioner followed the steady touch procedure as previously described.

While the practitioner placed one hand on the crown of the preterm infant on the eyebrow line with the fingertip touch for 15 minutes, the other hand was placed on the lower abdomen covering the waist and hip of the infant.

All infants in the control, Yakson, and GHT groups were applied swaddling as the routine practice of the clinic before and during painful procedures.

Yakson touch method will be started 5 minutes before the endotracheal aspiration procedure and continued until the completion of the procedure.The Yakson method continued for 15 minutes with steady touch (5 minutes), compassionate caressing (5 minutes), and repetition of steady touch (5 minutes).

Pain will be evaluated using the Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS).This scale was developed by Hummel Puchalski in 2000 for preterm and term babies. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Açıkgöz et al. in 2017. Crying, irritability, behavior-state, facial expression, extremity tone, and vital signs parameters are evaluated in the N-PASS scale. In this scale is evaluated with triple likert type and pain score can be between "0" and "10". Permission was obtained from the authors to use the scale.

Oxygen saturation of infants before, during, and after endotracheal aspiration were recorded to a computer using a Masimo Radical 7 Pulse Oximeter at 2-second intervals.

Heart rate of infants before, during, and after endotracheal aspiration were recorded to a computer using a Masimo Radical 7 Pulse Oximeter at 2-second intervals.

This scale was developed by Van Dijk et al. in 2009 for preterm babies. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Kahraman et al. in 2014. It is a 5-point Likert type scale consisting of six parameters: alertness, calmness/agitation, respiratory response, crying, body movements, facial tension, and muscle tone. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 6 and the highest score is 30. It is emphasized that if the total score of the scale is between 9-13, the baby is comfortable, if it is between 14-30, the baby is in pain or distress, the baby is uncomfortable and needs interventions to provide comfort.