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Rationale: Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a common and disabling condition. Physiotherapy is the most frequently administered nonpharmacological treatment option for patients with CMP and recently virtual reality (VR) was introduced in physiotherapy care as a novel treatment modality. Proper communication about physiotherapy treatment (modalities) is important to improve treatment outcomes, by applying placebo effects enhancing communication and avoiding nocebo effects enhancing communication. However, yet is still unknown to what extent this applies to communication of physiotherapists about VR in healthy participants.
Objective: To determine the effect of physiotherapists' placebo or nocebo therapeutic communication about VR, on treatment credibility and expectation in healthy participants.
Study design: Web-based randomized controlled trial.
Study population: 126 participants
Intervention: The placebo intervention group will be shown an educational video about VR, containing placebo effects enhancing verbal language. The nocebo intervention group will be shown an educational video about VR, containing nocebo effects enhancing verbal language.
Primary study parameters: The primary study parameters are treatment credibility and treatment expectation. Treatment credibility and treatment expectations will be measured using the Dutch credibility and expectancy questionnaire (CEQ).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo group | Placebo Comparator | The placebo intervention group will be shown an online educational VR video. |
|
| Nocebo group | Experimental | The nocebo intervention group will be shown an online educational VR video. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Video placebo communication | Other | The placebo communication video comprises of an educational VR video containing placebo enhancing verbal language. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in treatment expectancy measured using the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) | This questionnaire on treatment expectancy scores from 6 (lowest expectancy) to 54 (highest expectancy) | Baseline and immediately after the intervention |
| Change in treatment credibility measured using the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) | This questionnaire on treatment credibility scores from 5 (lowest credibility) to 45 (highest credibility) | Baseline and immediately after the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in openness to VR measured using a single question | The question "would you be open to treatment with therapeutic VR" was scored with a yes/no | Baseline and immediately after the intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bart Staal, PhD | HAN University of Applied Sciences | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAN University of Applied Sciences | Nijmegen | Overijssel | 6525EN | Netherlands |
Not planned to share IPD
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003142 | Communication |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Video nocebo communication | Other | The nocebo communication video comprises of an educational VR video containing nocebo enhancing verbal language. |
|