Seminal Levels of PGK2 and ACRV1 as Predictors of Micro-TESE Results in NOA

Seminal Levels of PGK2 and ACRV1 as Predictors of Micro-TESE Results in NOA

• Measurement of PGK2 and ACRV1 levels in the semen of infertile males undergoing testicular sperm extraction (TESE).
• Correlate seminal levels of PGK2 and ACRV1 with sperm retrieval results and histopathology analysis of testicular biopsy samples.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Infertile males with normal volume, functional (non-obstructive) azoospermia.
• Age: 18-45 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with proven obstructive azoospermia.
• Cryptorchidism.
• Testicular Agenesis and testicular atrophy.
• Patient with exposure to gonadal toxins like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and alkylating agents.