Potential Correlation Between Heart Rate Variability With Cardiovascular Risk at Different Stages of Metabolic Syndrome

Potential Correlation Between Heart Rate Variability With Cardiovascular Risk at Different Stages of Metabolic Syndrome: Impact of Some Antidiabetic Drugs

The study aims to assess the beat-to-beat Heart rate variability (HRV) in different stages of metabolic diseases, including pre-diabetic and diabetic patients, compared to non-diabetic individuals.

Heart rate variability will be compared for some antidiabetic drugs used in different stages of metabolic diseases and correlated to different metabolic and inflammatory mediators.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Non-diabetic individuals: adults (18-70 Years) with glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C)<5.7 and/or Fasting blood glucose <100 mg/L and with no classic symptoms of hyperglycemia

2. Pre-diabetic: adults (18-70 Years) who fulfil one of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria :

   • glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) =5.7-6.4%
   • Fasting blood glucose level = 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL. Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.

3. Diabetic patients: adults (18-70 Years) who fulfil one of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria:

   • glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) ≥6.5%
   • Fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL.
   • A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Random is any time of the day without regard to the meals.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pediatric and elderly subjects
• Pregnant subjects
• Those with active Myocardial infarction
• Those with acute decompensated heart failure
• Patients with pacemaker
• Patients with persistent Atrial fibrillation, long-standing persistent and permanent Atrial fibrillation