Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
We aim to include 60 children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who have undergone successful treatment for leukemia or lymphoma. Based on randomization, they will either 1) commence 16 weeks of training with STEEL or 2) commence 16 weeks of circuit training. STEEL training involves exercises for major muscle groups using free weights, body weight, or tailored machines. Circuit training is structured similarly to previous training for the target group and includes exercises using body weight, exercise balls, and rings. The training takes place in local centers either with friends or with other participants in the project. Before starting participation in the project, the child/adolescent and their parents or guardians will receive information about late effects, diet, sleep, and exercise, providing guidance and support regarding the project elements. The effects of the two training modalities will be evaluated based on self-reported quality of life, muscle strength, muscle mass, bone mineral content, fitness, and markers of metabolic syndrome (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and blood analysis).
The trial is designed as a national randomised clinical trial. Participants will be stratified by sex and block randomised (block sizes of 2 to 6) at 1:1 to either STEEL or the circuit training programme. A researcher not involved in the trial will generate the allocation sequence using a random number generator and is the only person who will know the block sizes. The study will be conducted at Aalborg University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Odense University Hospital, and Aarhus University Hospital and was designed in collaboration with parents of childhood cancer survivors and an adult childhood cancer survivor suffering from late effects. Participants must attend three examinations at their respective hospitals: baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| STEEL | Experimental | STEEL strength training will consist of progressive periodised training, in which the intensity is set to fit the individual's starting level and then gradually increases. During Week 1 to Week 5, the relative load will correspond to a 12-repetition maximum (RM). During Week 5 to Week 10, the relative load will be 10 RM, and during Week 11 to Week 16, the relative load will be 8 RM. The exercises will mostly consist of compound movements that activate the large muscle groups of the legs, back, arms and torso. |
|
| Circuit training | Active Comparator | There will be 10 stations that include both strengthening and cardiovascular exercises, such as squats, hopping, crunches, stationary running, front-lying swimming, ski jumps, push-ups, ball throws, ring pulls, and hopscotch. Each station lasts 45 seconds, and there will be a 15-second break between each station. The circuit is repeated for three rounds. To ensure progression in intensity similar, we will progress the participants' rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over time. During Week 1 to Week 5, the RPE during exercises will be 6-7. During Week 5 to Week 10, the RPE will be 8-9, and during Week 11 to Week 16, the RPE will be 10. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEEL | Other | Relatively heavy strength training |
| |
| Circuit training |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric strength | Measured in Nm based on tests of knee extension and flexion and elbow extension and flexion using handheld dynamometry | Baseline and at the 8-week and 16-week follow-ups |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Health-related quality of life | We will use the Danish version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Core scales and the PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue scales (5,9) to assess health-related quality of life. The PedsQL is a brief 23-item measurement model that evaluates quality of life in four areas: physical, emotional, social and school functioning. The questionnaire scores range from 0 to 100, and higher scores indicate better quality of life. The PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue includes 18 questions related to fatigue and uses the same scoring as the PedsQL |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pascal Madeleine, DSc | Aalborg University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Århus University Hospital | Aarhus | Denmark | ||||
| Rigshospitalet |
De-identified data will be made available upon reasonable request.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013232 | Steel |
| D065327 | Circuit-Based Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D058085 | Iron Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D000497 | Alloys |
| D008670 | Metals |
| D001697 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Other |
Circuit training |
|
| During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Step counts | We will assess participants' step counts throughout the intervention using a Garmin vívosmart® 5 watch (Garmin Ltd., Kansas, USA). | Weekly throughout the 16-week intervention |
| Caloric expenditure | We will assess participants' caloric expenditure (KCAL) throughout the intervention using a Garmin vívosmart® 5 watch (Garmin Ltd., Kansas, USA). | Weekly throughout the 16-week intervention |
| Maximal dynamic strength | we will test the 1 repetition maximum (RM) in the leg press and chest press machines | During the first and last training sessions of the 16-week intervention |
| Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and body composition | We will measure the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) calculated as the Z-score and body composition (%body fat, lean body mass, and skeletal muscle mass) by a dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry scanner located at each hospital. | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Grip strength and rate of force development | Using a digital hand dynamometer, we will measure continuous isometric handgrip force and rate of force development. | Baseline and at the 8-week and 16-week follow-ups |
| Muscular strength, endurance, and rate of force development | We will use a 30-second sit-to-stand test to evaluate strength, endurance, and rate of force development of the lower extremities. | Baseline and at the 8-week and 16-week follow-ups |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance | We will perform a 6-minute walk test to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and walking endurance | Baseline and at the 8-week and 16-week follow-ups |
| Exercise compliance and fidelity | Exercise compliance and fidelity will be measured using training diaries, which the participants fill out themselves after the unsupervised training sessions and by the physiotherapist during the supervised training sessions. Exercise compliance relates to whether the training sessions have been performed, and fidelity relates to whether the exercises have been performed as prescribed regarding the number of repetitions, sets, and intensity. | Throughout the 16-week intervention |
| Adverse events | Adverse events will be collected throughout the trial and graded 1 to 5 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. Participants are asked to contact the responsible clinician at the hospital where they were enrolled as soon as they experience any adverse event. | Throughout the 16-week intervention |
| Movement-evoked pain | We will use a 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable) Numerical Rating Scale to assess movement-evoked pain during the past week | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Satisfaction with the intervention | We will assess participant satisfaction with their respective intervention using a 5-point rank scale ranging from 'very dissatisfied' to 'very satisfied'. | During the 16-week follow-up |
| Blood glucose | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mmol/L | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c) | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mmol/mol | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Insulin | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mU/L | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Proinsulin c-peptide | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in ng/mL | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Total cholesterol | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mmol/L | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mmol/L | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mmol/L | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mmol/L | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Triglycerides | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in mmol/L | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Glucagon | Analysed from a blood sample and measured in pg/mL | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Homeostatic Model assessment for Insulin resistance score | Calculated as fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L x fasting plasma glucose ((μU/L)/22.5) to estimate β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR2) | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Measured as kg/m² for adolescents aged 18 or 19 years and BMI standard deviation (SD) scores for children aged 10-17 years based on national reference material. | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Lean body mass | Measured in kilograms based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Fat mass | Measured in kilograms based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Android/gynoid fat distribution | Measured in kilograms based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) adjusted for sex and pubertal stage | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Abdominal circumference | Measured in centimetres | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Self-reported Tanner staging | Visual illustration of Tanner staging (I-V) regarding both genders | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Blood pressure | Measured in mmHg | During baseline and at the 16-week follow-up |
| Copenhagen |
| Denmark |
| Aalborg University | Gistrup | 9260 | Denmark |
| Odense University Hospital | Odense | Denmark |
| Biomedical and Dental Materials |
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |