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The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of a hip activation home exercise program (HEP) compared to a hip activation + single leg balance HEP on performance of the Forward-Step-Down Test (FSDT) in healthy females. Participants will be assigned to the control (hip activation HEP only) or experimental (hip activation + single leg balance HEP). Following the pre-test data collection, participants will complete their HEP for 8 weeks. They will return to the lab for post-test measurements.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hip activation | Active Comparator | Participants will perform a hip muscle activation program 2 days per week for 8 weeks. The HEP consists of 5 exercises that target the gluteal muscles. |
|
| Hip activation + Single leg balance | Experimental | Participants will perform a hip muscle activation program as in the active comparator group, plus a single leg balance training HEP 2 days per week for 8 weeks. The hip HEP consists of 5 exercises that target the gluteal muscles. The single leg balance HEP consists of a variety of eyes open and eyes closed single leg balance exercises. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hip Activation | Other | Sidelying hip abduction, side plank with hip abduction, clamshell (hip abduction + external rotation), side plan with clamshell, and quadruped fire hydrant exercises will be performed for 1 minute isometric holds, 2 times per week for 8 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Forward-Step-Down Test | a step-down task that is performed off a 20 cm box. Five repetitions are performed to give one score (minimum score 0, maximum score 6). A higher score is worse. | pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| surface electromyography (sEMG) peak | The peak sEMG will be collected from the dominant side's gluteus maximum and gluteus medius muscles. The sEMG will be collected during both the FSDT and unipedal stance test | pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| surface electromyography (sEMG) mean |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Erin McCallister, DPT | LSUHSC-Shreveport | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSUHSC-Shreveport | Shreveport | Louisiana | 71103 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35189569 | Background | Cannon J, Weithman BA, Powers CM. Activation training facilitates gluteus maximus recruitment during weight-bearing strengthening exercises. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2022 Apr;63:102643. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102643. Epub 2022 Feb 9. | |
| 35976534 | Background | Rinaldi VG, Prill R, Jahnke S, Zaffagnini S, Becker R. The influence of gluteal muscle strength deficits on dynamic knee valgus: a scoping review. J Exp Orthop. 2022 Aug 17;9(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s40634-022-00513-8. |
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The investigator who will analyze the data will be blinded
| Hip activation + Single leg balance | Other | Hip activation HEP: Sidelying hip abduction, side plank with hip abduction, clamshell (hip abduction + external rotation), side plan with clamshell, and quadruped fire hydrant exercises will be performed for 1 minute isometric holds, 2 times per week for 8 weeks. Single leg balance: variety of single leg balance exercises with different upper extremity and lower extremity positions to provide different balance stimuli. Weeks are alternated performing these exercises with eyes open and eyes closed. |
|
The mean sEMG will be collected from the dominant side's gluteus maximum and gluteus medius muscles. The sEMG will be collected during both the FSDT and unipedal stance test |
| pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Unipedal Stance Test (UPST) | The time a participant can stand on one leg will be collected for eyes open and eyes closed conditions. | pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Dose-Response | The dose-response for outcome 1, 2, and 3 will be calculated, using participant's self-reported exercise compliance as the dose. | post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| 33172101 | Background | Wilczynski B, Zorena K, Slezak D. Dynamic Knee Valgus in Single-Leg Movement Tasks. Potentially Modifiable Factors and Exercise Training Options. A Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 6;17(21):8208. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218208. |
| 22027216 | Background | Khayambashi K, Mohammadkhani Z, Ghaznavi K, Lyle MA, Powers CM. The effects of isolated hip abductor and external rotator muscle strengthening on pain, health status, and hip strength in females with patellofemoral pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jan;42(1):22-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3704. Epub 2011 Oct 25. |
| 24440362 | Background | Khayambashi K, Fallah A, Movahedi A, Bagwell J, Powers C. Posterolateral hip muscle strengthening versus quadriceps strengthening for patellofemoral pain: a comparative control trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 May;95(5):900-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.12.022. Epub 2014 Jan 16. |
| 25879452 | Background | Hott A, Liavaag S, Juel NG, Brox JI. Study protocol: a randomised controlled trial comparing the long term effects of isolated hip strengthening, quadriceps-based training and free physical activity for patellofemoral pain syndrome (anterior knee pain). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015 Feb 25;16:40. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0493-6. |
| 15292405 | Background | Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Decrease in neuromuscular control about the knee with maturation in female athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Aug;86(8):1601-8. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200408000-00001. |
| 24373699 | Background | Lee SP, Powers CM. Individuals with diminished hip abductor muscle strength exhibit altered ankle biomechanics and neuromuscular activation during unipedal balance tasks. Gait Posture. 2014 Mar;39(3):933-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.12.004. Epub 2013 Dec 12. |
| 24115764 | Background | Hatton AL, Kemp JL, Brauer SG, Clark RA, Crossley KM. Impairment of dynamic single-leg balance performance in individuals with hip chondropathy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 May;66(5):709-16. doi: 10.1002/acr.22193. |
| 29573984 | Background | Alfuth M, Gomoll M. Electromyographic analysis of balance exercises in single-leg stance using different instability modalities of the forefoot and rearfoot. Phys Ther Sport. 2018 May;31:75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.01.002. Epub 2018 Mar 21. |
| 30192681 | Background | Anguish B, Sandrey MA. Two 4-Week Balance-Training Programs for Chronic Ankle Instability. J Athl Train. 2018 Jul;53(7):662-671. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-555-16. |
| Background | Rothermel S, Hale S, Hertel J, Denegar C. Effect of active foot positioning on the outcome of a balance training program. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2004. 5:2 (98-103). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2004.02.002. |
| Background | McCallister E, Flowers DW. Can the Forward-Step-Down Test Be Used Reliably in the Clinical Setting to Assess Movement Changes Resulting from Maximal Exertion? A Pilot Study. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice. 2020 Jan 01;18(4), Article 7. doi: 10.46743/1540-580X/2020.1931 |
| 29163219 | Background | Hopper AJ, Haff EE, Joyce C, Lloyd RS, Haff GG. Neuromuscular Training Improves Lower Extremity Biomechanics Associated with Knee Injury during Landing in 11-13 Year Old Female Netball Athletes: A Randomized Control Study. Front Physiol. 2017 Nov 7;8:883. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00883. eCollection 2017. |
| 30038839 | Background | McGovern RP, Martin RL, Christoforetti JJ, Kivlan BR. EVIDENCE-BASED PROCEDURES FOR PERFORMING THE SINGLE LEG SQUAT AND STEP-DOWN TESTS IN EVALUATION OF NON-ARTHRITIC HIP PAIN: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2018 Jun;13(3):526-536. |
| 26981714 | Background | Fisher BE, Southam AC, Kuo YL, Lee YY, Powers CM. Evidence of altered corticomotor excitability following targeted activation of gluteus maximus training in healthy individuals. Neuroreport. 2016 Apr 13;27(6):415-21. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000556. |
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| Background | Clark L, Dean A, Mitchell A, & Torgerson DJ. Envelope use and reporting in randomised controlled trials: a guide for researchers. Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences. 2021;2(1):2-11. doi:10.1177/2632084320957204 |
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| 27494053 | Background | Selkowitz DM, Beneck GJ, Powers CM. Comparison of Electromyographic Activity of the Superior and Inferior Portions of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle During Common Therapeutic Exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016 Sep;46(9):794-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2016.6493. Epub 2016 Aug 5. |
| 32535475 | Background | Harput G, Ulusoy B, Akmese R, Ergun N. Comparison of muscle activation levels and knee valgus between individuals with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and healthy individuals during fatiguing step down task. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2020 Aug;78:105067. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105067. Epub 2020 Jun 6. |
| 23160432 | Background | Selkowitz DM, Beneck GJ, Powers CM. Which exercises target the gluteal muscles while minimizing activation of the tensor fascia lata? Electromyographic assessment using fine-wire electrodes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Feb;43(2):54-64. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2013.4116. Epub 2012 Nov 16. |
| 28732494 | Background | Chan MK, Chow KW, Lai AY, Mak NK, Sze JC, Tsang SM. The effects of therapeutic hip exercise with abdominal core activation on recruitment of the hip muscles. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Jul 21;18(1):313. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1674-2. |
| 10078770 | Background | Henry KD, Rosemond C, Eckert LB. Effect of number of home exercises on compliance and performance in adults over 65 years of age. Phys Ther. 1999 Mar;79(3):270-7. |
| 25643386 | Background | Eckard T, Lopez J, Kaus A, Aden J. Home exercise program compliance of service members in the deployed environment: an observational cohort study. Mil Med. 2015 Feb;180(2):186-91. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00306. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D046788 | Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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