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To determine the effects of plantar cutaneous sensory stimulation on foot tactile sensitivity, postural control, and spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional physical therapy | Active Comparator | This group received conventional physical therapy protocol along with foot care guidelines. |
|
| Plantar cutaneous sensory stimulation. | Experimental | This group received plantar cutaneous sensory stimulation along with conventional physical therapy protocol and foot care guidelines. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional physical therapy | Other | This group received 30 minutes of muscle stretching (quadriceps, gastrocnemius, hamstrings, tibialis), bilateral ankle strengthening, gait training and foot care guidelines, 3 times a week for a duration of six weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Foot tactile sensitivity | Semmes Weinstein monofilaments, Foot tactile sensitivity loss, commonly assessed by monofilaments, is a fall risk factor among older adults. The broadly used threshold of the monofilament for fall risk assessment in older adults is 5.07 | 6th week |
| Postural control | Brief BESTest is a clinical balance assessment tool. It is an abbreviated version of Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) designed to assess 6 different aspects contributing to postural control in standing and walking. It consist of 27 tasks, with 36 items in total. Each items is scored based on ordinal scale scoring from 0- 3 where 3 representing best performances and 0 representing worst performances. Scores for the total test is provided as a percentage of total points i.e. 108. In addition, 6 sub-systems scores can be generated separately in percentage of total score each representing a specific balance system | 6th week |
| Spatiotemporal gait parameters | By using a stopwatch and measuring tape | 6th week |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Binash Afzal, PHD* | Riphah international university lahore campus | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PhysioFit | Faisalabad | Punjab Province | 38000 | Pakistan | ||
| Allied Hospital Faisalabad. |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33818600 | Background | Petersen EA, Stauss TG, Scowcroft JA, Brooks ES, White JL, Sills SM, Amirdelfan K, Guirguis MN, Xu J, Yu C, Nairizi A, Patterson DG, Tsoulfas KC, Creamer MJ, Galan V, Bundschu RH, Paul CA, Mehta ND, Choi H, Sayed D, Lad SP, DiBenedetto DJ, Sethi KA, Goree JH, Bennett MT, Harrison NJ, Israel AF, Chang P, Wu PW, Gekht G, Argoff CE, Nasr CE, Taylor RS, Subbaroyan J, Gliner BE, Caraway DL, Mekhail NA. Effect of High-frequency (10-kHz) Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2021 Jun 1;78(6):687-698. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0538. | |
| 33320513 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003929 | Diabetic Neuropathies |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D048909 | Diabetes Complications |
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| Plantar cutaneous sensory stimulation | Other | This group received 45 minutes of plantar cutaneous sensory stimulation, TENS, muscle stretching (quadriceps, gastrocnemius, hamstrings, tibialis), bilateral ankle strengthening, gait training, and foot care guidelines, 3 times a week for a duration of six weeks. |
|
| Faisalābad |
| Punjab Province |
| 38000 |
| Pakistan |
| Background |
| Castelli G, Desai KM, Cantone RE. Peripheral Neuropathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 15;102(12):732-739. |
| 31931855 | Background | Ferreira JSSP, Cruvinel Junior RH, Silva EQ, Verissimo JL, Monteiro RL, Pereira DS, Suda EY, Sartor CD, Sacco ICN. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial on the effect of the Diabetic Foot Guidance System (SOPeD) for the prevention and treatment of foot musculoskeletal dysfunctions in people with diabetic neuropathy: the FOotCAre (FOCA) trial I. Trials. 2020 Jan 13;21(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-4017-9. |
| 32916792 | Background | Monteiro RL, Ferreira JSSP, Silva EQ, Donini A, Cruvinel-Junior RH, Verissimo JL, Bus SA, Sacco ICN. Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of a Foot-Ankle Exercise Program Aiming to Improve Foot-Ankle Functionality and Gait Biomechanics in People with Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sensors (Basel). 2020 Sep 9;20(18):5129. doi: 10.3390/s20185129. |
| 32587694 | Background | Peterson M, Pingel R, Rolandsson O, Dahlin LB. Vibrotactile perception on the sole of the foot in an older group of people with normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. SAGE Open Med. 2020 Jun 13;8:2050312120931640. doi: 10.1177/2050312120931640. eCollection 2020. |
| 32619175 | Background | Thukral N, Kaur J, Malik M. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Efficacy of Exercise on Posture and Balance in Patients Suffering from Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(3):332-344. doi: 10.2174/1573399816666200703190437. |
| 33719603 | Background | Khan KS, Andersen H. The Impact of Diabetic Neuropathy on Activities of Daily Living, Postural Balance and Risk of Falls - A Systematic Review. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 Mar;16(2):289-294. doi: 10.1177/1932296821997921. Epub 2021 Mar 14. |
| 36404857 | Background | Akbari NJ, Naimi SS. The effect of exercise therapy on balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2022 Jul 4;21(2):1861-1871. doi: 10.1007/s40200-022-01077-1. eCollection 2022 Dec. |
| 37048025 | Background | Prokai J, Murlasits Z, Banhidi M, Csoka L, Greci V, Atlasz T, Vaczi M. The Effects of a 12-Week-Long Sand Exercise Training Program on Neuromechanical and Functional Parameters in Type II Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 5;20(7):5413. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075413. |
| 36501981 | Background | Kang GE, Stout A, Waldon K, Kang S, Killeen AL, Crisologo PA, Siah M, Jupiter D, Najafi B, Vaziri A, Lavery LA. Digital Biomarkers of Gait and Balance in Diabetic Foot, Measurable by Wearable Inertial Measurement Units: A Mini Review. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 29;22(23):9278. doi: 10.3390/s22239278. |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |