With prospective and longitudinal research design, patients with neuropathic pain that meet the entry/displacement standards will be included in the group and receive the routine diagnosis and treatment of the pain department. At the same time, the patients admitted to the group will be clinical observation and studied. After the diagnosis and treatment, follow-up will be carried out until 3 months after joining the group.

Using the use of pain visual analog scale (VAS), digital pain grading method (NRS), neuropathic pain assessment scale (DN4), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Ascens insomnia scale), social support assessment scale (SSQ), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), Barrett impulse scale (BIS), anxiety and depression score (GAD-7, PHQ-9), emotional tasks, cognitive function (N-back, time perception, delay-discount), electroencephalogram (EEG), near-infrared brain function imaging (fNIRS) and other indicators to study the dynamic changes of various factors in the process of acute pain.

VAS pain score criteria ((0-10 points) 0 Points: painless; 3 points below: have a slight pain, can tolerate; 4 points- -6 points: patients with pain and affect sleep, and can still tolerate; 7 points-10 points: the patient has gradually intense pain, the pain is unbearable, affect appetite, affect sleep.

Score ranged from 1 to 5, and the higher the score, the more it suggested the possibility of neuropathic pain. Clinically, when patients score ID Pain 3, neuropathic pain-related treatment options will be considered.

Each assessment item was assigned 1 point for "yes" and 0 point for "no". The total score of DN4 is 0 to 10, and neuropathic pain when the total score is greater than or equal to 4.

The PSQI was used to assess the sleep quality of the participants in the last 1 month. It consists of 19 self-assessment entries and 5 items, among which the 19th self-assessment entry and 5 items do not participate in the scoring. Only the 18 self-assessment entries participating in the scoring are introduced here (see the attached questionnaire for details). The 18 items formed 7 components, and each component was scored according to 0-3 levels. The cumulative score of PSQI total score ranged from 0 to 2 l. The higher the score, the worse the sleep quality.

To study the dynamic change of EEG wavelength during the progression from acute pain to chronic pain，four basic waveforms, α, β, θ, δ wave, were collected。

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) is a rating tool for rapid screening of cognitive abnormalities. It includes eight cognitive domains, including visual structure skills, executive function, memory, language, attention and concentration, calculation, abstract thinking and directional force. The total score of 30 and 26 were normal, with high sensitivity, covering important cognitive fields, short test time and suitable for clinical use.