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The goal of this controlled, experimental study is to learn about the effects of 10 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on physical performance, vascular circulation, biochemical parameters, and composition of the intestinal microbiota in young healthy men depending on the frequency of single treatments.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants are exposed to hyperoxia under hyperbaric conditions or form a control group with no treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study Group 1: HBOT 3/week | Active Comparator | The protocol comprises 10 Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatments (HBOT), 3 sessions per week. |
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| Study Group 2: HBOT 6/week | Active Comparator | The protocol comprises 10 Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatments (HBOT), 6 sessions per week. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | No changes to a daily routine. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - HBOT | Device | Each session includes exposure of 60 minutes to 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA), with 5-minute air breaks every 20 minutes |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Volume of oxygen and carbon dioxide | A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is conducted while an incremental running test on the treadmill using a portable breath-by-breath ergospirometer; VO2 and VCO2 are measured constantly. | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Heart rate | Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is conducted while an incremental running test on the treadmill using a heart rate monitor. | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Vascular circulation measures | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) content changes in the skin area are measured during transient ischemia and reperfusion with the use of the Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) using The AngioExpert device (AngioExpert, Poland) | baseline (before and immediately after CPET), before and after 5th treatment, and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention (before and immediately after CPET); up to 24 days. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition (body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, muscle mass) | Body composition is tested by the dual X-ray absorptiometry method (DXA, Lunar Prodigy; General Electric Lunar Healthcare Technologies, Madison, USA). | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Inflammatory cytokine profile |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Barbara Pospieszna, PhD. | Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan Univ of Physical Ed, Poznan, Poland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poznan University of Physical Education | Poznan | Wielkopolska | 61-871 | Poland |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006931 | Hyperbaric Oxygenation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010102 | Oxygen Inhalation Therapy |
| D012138 | Respiratory Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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Two study groups (dependent on frequency of HBOT treatments) and control group
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tumor necrosis factor (TNFalfa) and interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10) is measured using immunoenzymatic methods |
| baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Oxidative stress indicators | The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is measured using spectrophotometric and immunoenzymatic methods | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| F2-Isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) | The measurement of F2-Isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) is performed using the spectrophotometric and immunoenzymatic methods | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration (BDNF) | BDNF concentration is measured using immunoenzymatic methods | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Nicotinamide (NAD) metabolites | NAD metabolites are measured using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer methods (HPLC-MS) | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Gut microbiome and metabolome | Metabolites produced by bacteria such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), tryptophan catabolites, and non-targeted metabolomes are measured using Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Indicators of intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin, claudin, occludin, zonulin, sIgA) | Indicators of intestinal inflammation are measured using Western blot analysis and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) | eNOS activity is measured using immunoenzymatic methods | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | Concentration of VEGF is measured using immunoenzymatic methods | baseline and after the intervention; up to 24 days. |
| Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1alfa) | Concentration of HIF-1alfa is measured using immunoenzymatic methods | baseline and the next morning after the last HBOT intervention; up to 24 days. |