This study is a phase III, randomized, open-label, international, multicenter, interventional trial, designed to compare the efficacy and safety of mosunetuzumab in combination with lenalidomide versus anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated FLIPI 2-5 follicular lymphoma.

This study is a phase III, randomized, open-label, international, multicenter, interventional trial, designed to compare the efficacy and safety of mosunetuzumab in combination with lenalidomide versus anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) 2-5 follicular lymphoma This study is composed of a screening period (up to 6 weeks before randomization, i.e., 42 days), a treatment period (30 months i.e., 125w), a safety follow-up period (90 days i.e., 3 months), and a survival follow-up period (up to 7 years after the last randomized patient). The enrollment will last approximately 34 months. The total duration of the study will be therefore approximately 10 years.

Once a patient provides written consent, they may enter the screening phase, with a duration up to 6 weeks prior to randomization and initiation of treatment.

Upon completion of the required assessments in the screening phase, and fulfillment of the eligibility criteria, patients will be randomized. Investigators will be requested to indicate their treatment choice among permitted immuno-chemotherapy regimens just before randomization.

The treatment period for each patient starts with the first intake. The patients will receive protocol-specified treatments until:

• inability to achieve a response at the end of induction phase (at M12 evaluation for experimental arm, and at M6 evaluation for control arms),
• relapse or progression of the disease,
• withdrawal of consent,
• or unacceptable toxicity

In the experimental arm, patients will be treated for 1 cycle of 3 weeks for mosunetuzumab and then 11 cycles of 4 weeks for mosunetuzumab and lenalidomide (47 weeks, around 11 months) during the induction phase, and for a maximum of 9 additional cycles of 8 weeks during the maintenance phase (72 weeks, around 17 months), up to around 125 weeks (30 months). Patients should start the maintenance phase 7 to 8 weeks after the start of last induction cycle (C12).

In the control arm, patients will be treated for 8 or 6 cycles of 3 or 4 weeks for anti-CD20 mAb +cyclophosphamide-doxorubicine-vincristine-prednisone (CHOP) or anti-CD20 mAb + Bendamustine, respectively, depending on the assigned arm (24 weeks, around 5 months) during the induction phase, and for a maximum of 12 additional cycles of 8 weeks during the maintenance phase (96 weeks, around 22 months), up to around 125 weeks (30 months). Patients should start the maintenance phase, 6 to 7 or 7 to 8 weeks after the start of last induction cycle (C8 or C6).

The option to cross-over from the control arm to the experimental arm is not allowed.

All randomized patients will be followed for progression-free survival and overall survival using the same schedule. Patients will be followed up from End of treatment evaluation every 3 months during the first two years, then every 6 months during the next 3 years, then yearly until the end of study.

The end of study will occur when all randomized patients have been followed-up for survival for at least 7 years (or discontinued study early).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 1. Patient with histologically proven previously untreated CD20+ follicular lymphoma grade 1, 2, or 3a (including patient watched during up to 10 years after initial diagnosis) as assessed by the investigators according to the WHO 2016 classification12, or classical follicular lymphoma according to the WHO 2022 classification13. Diagnostic tissue must be available for central pathology review, exploratory endpoints and secondary data use.

2. FLIPI 2-5.

3. All Ann Arbor stages (including stage I if FLIPI ≥ 2).

4. Must need treatment as evidenced by at least one of the following criteria:

   4.1. Bulky disease defined as one of the following: 4.1.1. a nodal or extranodal mass/lesion > 70 mm in its largest diameter or, 4.1.2. involvement of at least 3 different nodal or extranodal sites (each with a diameter greater than > 30 mm) 4.2. Presence of at least one of the following B symptoms within the prior 6 months: 4.2.1. fever (> 38°C) of unclear etiology 4.2.2. night sweats 4.2.3. weight loss greater than 10% 4.3. Symptomatic splenomegaly 4.4. Symptomatic lesion: 4.4.1. painful lesion and/or 4.4.2. any compressive syndrome (for example, but not restricted to- ureteral, orbital, gastrointestinal) 4.5. Any one of the following cytopenias due to lymphoma: 4.5.1. hemoglobin < 10g/dL (6.25 mmol/L) 4.5.2. platelets <100 x 109/L, or 4.5.3. absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1.5 x 109/L 4.6. Pleural or peritoneal serous effusion (irrespective of cell content) 4.7. Abnormal biological prognostic parameters: (item not applicable for Germany) 4.7.1. β2microglobulin > ULN or 4.7.2. LDH > ULN

5. At least one bi-dimensionally measurable nodal lesion, defined as > 15 mm in its longest dimension, or at least one bi-dimensionally measurable extra nodal lesion, defined as > 10 mm in its longest dimension (and FDG-avid lesion).

6. Participant who understood and voluntarily signed and dated an informed consent prior to any study-specific assessments/procedures.

7. Must be ≥ 18 years old at the time of signing the informed consent form (ICF).

8. ECOG performance status 0 to 2.

9. Estimated minimum life expectancy of 3 months.

10. Adequate hematological function within 28 days prior to randomization, including:

    10.1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1 x 109/L 10.2. Platelet count ≥ 75 x 109/L, or ≥ 30 x 109/L if bone marrow infiltration or splenomegaly 10.3. Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL (5 mmol/L) unless related to bone marrow infiltration or splenomegaly. Transfusion is allowed before starting treatment (no required window)

11. Normal laboratory values:

    11.1. Measured or estimated creatinine clearance ≥ 40mL/min calculated by institutional standard method (MDRD or Cockcroft-Gault 11.2. AST or ALT ≤ 2.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN), except in patients with documented liver or pancreatic involvement by lymphoma ≤ 5 x ULN 11.3. Serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN (or ≤ 3 x ULN for patients with Gilbert syndrome), except in patients with documented liver or pancreatic involvement by lymphoma ≤ 3 x ULN

12. LVEF within normal range (i.e. > 50% as evaluated by Transthoracic Echocardiography or > 45% as evaluated by isotopic method (MUGA scan).

13. Participants should be able to receive adequate prophylaxis and/or therapy for thromboembolic events (aspirin, low molecular weight heparin or direct oral anticoagulants).

    Patients with a curative anticoagulation therapy can be enrolled. A patient with deep vein thrombosis due to compressive syndrome is eligible if a curative anticoagulation therapy has been started at least 1 week before initiating study treatment: low molecular weight heparin possible at treatment onset, then direct oral anticoagulants according to local practices.

14. Must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements.

15. No more applicable following SM#14

16. Negative HIV test before randomization, with the following exception:

    Patients with a positive HIV test before randomization are eligible provided they are stable on antiretroviral therapy for at least 4 weeks, have a CD4 count ≥ 200/uL, have an undetectable viral load, and have not had a history of opportunistic infection attributable to AIDS within the last 12 months.

17. For women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) :

    • must have a negative result for pregnancy test (highly sensitive serum) within 7 days before randomization and within 7 days before initiation of study treatment.
    • must agree to abstain from becoming pregnant or breastfeeding, and agree to use highly effective contraceptive methods during study participation, and for at least 28 days after the final dose of lenalidomide (if applicable), 3 months after the final dose of mosunetuzumab and tocilizumab (if applicable), 12 months after the final dose of CHOP (if applicable), 6 months after the final dose of bendamustine (if applicable), 12 months after the final dose of rituximab (if applicable), and 18 months after the final dose of obinutuzumab (if applicable).

18. For men with a female partner of childbearing potential or pregnant female partner, men must remain abstinent or use a condom during the treatment period (including periods of treatment interruption), and for at least 07 days after the final dose of lenalidomide (if applicable), 2 months after the final dose of tocilizumab (if applicable), 6 months after the final dose of CHOP (if applicable), 3 months after the final dose of bendamustine (if applicable), 12 months after the final dose of rituximab (if applicable), and 3 months after the final dose of obinutuzumab (if applicable). Men must also agree to refrain from donating sperm from the first day of treatment until at least 7 days after the final dose of lenalidomide (if applicable), 2 months after the final dose of tocilizumab (if applicable), 6 months after the final dose of CHOP (if applicable), 3 months after the final dose of bendamustine (if applicable), 12 months after the final dose of rituximab (if applicable), and 3 months after the last dose of obinutuzumab (if applicable).

19. Participant covered by any social security system (France).

20. Participant who understands and speaks one of the country official languages, unless local regulation authorizes independent translators.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Grade 3b follicular lymphoma according to the WHO 2016 classification12, or follicular large B-cell lymphoma according to the WHO 2022 classification13

2. Suspicion or clinical evidence of transformed lymphoma at enrollment by investigator assessment.

   Examples: patients with high or intermediate high SUV (>20) in any nodal or extranodal site particularly in the bones (vertebrae etc) unless biopsy proven to be genuine FL grade 1,2, 3A ; and/or discordant (e.g. SUV doubled) with SUV of other sites including the biopsy site.; and/or LDH > 2.5 x ULN in a context of rapidly progressive disease, etc. Please contact the Coordinating Investigator / Sponsor to discuss such cases or if there is any doubt before considering enrolment.

3. Prior localized radiotherapy for the FL.

4. Prior history of another lymphoma.

5. Uncontrolled symptomatic pleural or serous effusion requiring urgent treatment (within one week of finding). Participants may only be enrolled after Coordinating investigator / sponsor approval once confirmed participant is durably asymptomatic after adequate pleural/serous drainage or only if an efficient drainage device (e.g.pleurX™) is in place before randomization.

6. Uncontrolled symptomatic ureterohydronephrosis resulting in renal failure. Participants with adequate management i.e. ureteral catheter or double J stent allowing renal failure control are eligible only if urinary catheter is in place before randomization.

7. Presence or history of symptomatic or threatening lymphomatous epidural/nerve root lesion, even such participants whose disease is controlled by short course of steroids are NOT eligible.

8. Use of any standard or experimental anti-cancer drug therapy within 45 days of the start (Day 1) of study treatment.

9. Any contraindication to any drug contained in the study treatment control arms or in the Auxiliary Medicinal Products (AxMPs)

10. Systemic immunosuppressive medications (including, but not limited to, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents) and corticosteroids on the long run with the following exceptions: inhaled steroids for asthma, topical steroids, or replacement or stress corticosteroids during the study at any time. Participants who require lymphoma symptom control during screening may receive corticosteroid < or = 1mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent for a maximum of 10 days prior to first dose of study treatment

11. Received a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment, or in whom it is anticipated that such a live attenuated vaccine will be required during the study period or within 6 months after the final dose of study treatment.

12. Major surgery (excluding surgical documentation of FL) within 28 days prior to signing informed consent.

13. Seropositive for or active viral infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV):

    • HBsAg positive
    • HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive and/or anti-HBc positive and detectable viral DNA (Patients who are HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive and/or anti-HBc positive but viral DNA negative are eligible. They should be treated and perform testing at regular interval described in section Anti infectious prophylaxis; Patients who are seropositive due to a history of hepatitis B vaccine (anti-HBs positive) are eligible).

14. Known seropositive for, or active infection hepatitis C virus (HCV) (Patients who are positive for HCV antibody with a negative viral RNA are eligible).

15. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to biopharmaceuticals produced in CHO cells or any component of the mosunetuzumab, anti-CD20 mAb, tocilizumab, lenalidomide formulation, including mannitol; or to any of the excipients.

16. History of solid organ transplantation or allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT).

17. Active autoimmune disease requiring treatment.

18. History of autoimmune disease, including, but not limited to, myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener granulomatosis, Sjögren syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, uveitis, or glomerulonephritis.

    • Participants with a history of autoimmune-related hypothyroidism on a stable dose of thyroid replacement hormone may be eligible.
    • Participants with controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus who are on an insulin regimen are eligible for the study.
    • Participants with a remote history of, or well-controlled autoimmune disease, with a treatment-free interval from immunosuppressive therapy for 12 months may be eligible after review and discussion with the Coordinating investigator.

19. Participants with any active infection such as known active bacterial, viral (including SARS-CoV-2), fungal, mycobacterial, parasitic, or other infection (excluding fungal infections of nail beds), known or suspected chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are excluded.

20. Evidence of any significant, concomitant disease that could affect compliance with the protocol or interpretation of results, including, but not limited to:

    • significant cardiovascular disease [e.g., Objective Class C or D heart diseases (cf. Classes of Heart Failure | American Heart Association), myocardial infarction within the previous 6 months, unstable arrhythmia, or unstable angina)
    • significant pulmonary disease (such as obstructive pulmonary disease or history of bronchospasm)
    • clinically significant history of liver disease, including viral or other hepatitis, or cirrhosis
    • current or past history of central nervous system (CNS) disease, such as stroke, epilepsy, CNS vasculitis, or neurodegenerative disease. Participants with a history of stroke who have not experienced a stroke or transient ischemic attack in the past 1 year and have no residual neurologic deficits as judged by the investigator are allowed. Participants with a history of epilepsy who have had no seizures in the past 2 years with or without anti-epileptic medications can be eligible.

21. History of confirmed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

22. Known or suspected history of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

23. History of erythema multiforme, Grade ≥3 rash, or blistering rash following prior treatment with immunomodulatory derivatives.

24. History of interstitial lung disease (ILD), drug-induced pneumonitis, and autoimmune pneumonitis.

25. Active malignancy other than the one treated in this research. Prior history of malignancies unless the patient has been free of the disease and therapy for ≥ 3 years. However, patients with a single occurrence of the following conditions that have been treated with curative intent are eligible:

    • Localized non-melanoma skin cancer.
    • Carcinoma in situ of the cervix.
    • Carcinoma in situ of the breast.
    • Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (T1a or T1b as per Tumor Node Metastasis [TNM] staging system) or prostate cancer.

26. Presence or history of CNS or meningeal involvement by lymphoma.

27. Pregnant, planning to become pregnant or lactating WOCBP.

28. Any significant medical conditions, including the presence of laboratory abnormality or psychiatric illness which places the patient at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study, and likely to interfere with participation in this clinical study (according to the investigator's decision) or which confounds the ability to interpret data from the study.

29. Person deprived of his/her liberty by a judicial or administrative decision.

30. Person hospitalized without consent.

31. Adult person under legal protection.

32. Patients with absolute lymphocyte count > 20 G/L before randomization. Participants circulating lymphoma cell≥ 5 G/L must be discussed with the Sponsor before randomization.

NB: for 29-31., if there is an individual benefit for such patients, an Ethics Committee will have to be informed case by case.](streamdown:incomplete-link)