The purpose of this voluntary research study is to determine whether the parasagittal approach to lumbar medial branch (LMB) nerve radio frequency ablation (RFA) will have greater efficacy than the traditional approach to lumbar medial branch nerve radio frequency ablation.

To determine whether the parasagittal approach to lumbar medial branch (LMB) nerve radiofrequency ablation (RFA) will have greater efficacy than the traditional approach to lumbar medial branch nerve radiofrequency ablation.

This will be accomplished by comparing the results between the newly proposed parasagittal approach and the traditional approach of medial branch RFA done on the same patient (different sites) with bilateral low back pain (LBP).

Traditional approach:

The electrode is introduced at a 15-20 degrees' ipsilateral oblique angle to the sagittal plane toward the junction of the superior articular process (SAP) and transverse process (TP) of the vertebral body to target the traversing medial branch nerve. The reason for the proposed angle is to avoid the mamillo-accessory ligament (MAL) that may be ossified in up to 10% of the normal spine and, in such cases, potentially prevent proper coagulation of the medial branch nerve during the RFA procedure.

Parasagittal (new) approach:

Recently, Tran et al. showed that MAL is located more dorsally than it was thought earlier and, therefore, can't interfere with nerve coagulation during the RFA. Consequently, they proposed abandoning the 20-degree angle used for the traditional approach and placing the radiofrequency cannula parasagittally and more dorsally. It is proposed that, in order to achieve maximum nerve coagulation, the electrode should be placed as parallel to the nerve as possible, and placing it parasagittally helps achieve this goal. The remainder of the procedure does not differ from the traditional method.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Bilateral equally intense axial low back pain
2. Pain duration of ≥ 6 months
3. Three-day average NRS scores of ≥ 3/10
4. Age greater than 18 years
5. Failure of conservative treatment, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy
6. Positive response to a series of two bilateral diagnostic lumbar medial branch nerve blocks (≥ 80% pain relief). This is the current standard of care.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Radicular pain below the knee
2. Systemic infection or localized infection at the anticipated introducer entry site
3. Pregnancy
4. Allergy to Lidocaine
5. Bleeding dyscrasias
6. Patients unable to give informed consent
7. History of lumbar spine surgery at the affected levels
8. History of previous bilateral lumbar RFA of medial branches within the past six months.
9. Significant comorbid somatization or widespread pain with central sensitization
10. Secondary gain identified due to ongoing legal proceedings or worker's compensation
11. Cognitive impairment
12. Any pre-existing condition at the discretion of the provider that may confound interpretation of results -

IPD data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures)

Beginning 1 month and ending 3 years following article publication.

Researches who provide a methodologically sound proposal to achieve aims in the approved proposal. proposals should be directed to yvorobeychik@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.

We will do computer randomization for the sides for each approach for all the subjects. The subjects will be assigned numbers, and the particular procedural approach for each side will be concealed in the numbered envelopes. The numbers on the envelopes will correspond to the numbers assigned to the patients. The envelopes will be opened by a treating physician in the procedure room. The patient and the assessor (who will not be the treating physician) will not know which procedural approach was used for the sides.