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The goal of this randomized controlled study is to assess the short term effect of wearing a ties on musculoskeletal system. In this scope viscoelastic properties and the mechanosensitivity of the muscles, and cervical range of motion will be measured. In addition to these measurements activity limitation due to wearing a tie and trunk mobility will be assessed.
A total of at least 54 volunteers who satisfies the eligibility criteria of the study will be recruited to the study. Following to the recruitment process participants will be randomly assigned to the one of the two groups. Participants in the control group will go on to their daily activities. Participants in the study group will be asked to wear a tie for one working day.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | In this group, participants will go on their daily activities. No additional intervention will be applied to the participants in this group. | |
| Study Group | Experimental | In this group, participants will wear a tie during one office working day |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wearing a tie | Other | Individuals in the study group will be asked to wear a tie during one office working day. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Change in the Viscoelastic Properties of the Muscles | The effect of wearing a tie on the viscoelastic properties of participants' upper trapezius, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar paravertebral muscles will be measured using the myotonometer (MyotonPRO). Tonus measurement of the trapezius muscle will be taken from the upper, middle and lower part of the muscle. Evaluation of cervical muscle tone will be conducted 2 cm to the right and left of the C4 spinous process. The measurement will be taken on the semispinalis capitis muscle while the individual lies face down on the treatment bed. Muscle tone measurements for the thoracic and lumbar regions will be taken on the paravertebral muscles at the T3, T7, T11, L1 and L4 levels. | Change from baseline pain at eight hours and one day |
| The Change in the Pressure Pain Threshold of the Spine and Upper Trapezius | The potential impact of wearing a tie on individuals' pain thresholds will be evaluated using an analog algometer. Pain threshold measurements will be taken at the upper trapezius muscle, C6, T6, and L4 vertebral spinous processes. The algometer will be positioned perpendicular to the measurement areas. Three measurements will be taken for each region, with a half-minute interval between measurements. The average of the three measurements will be calculated and recorded. A change of 20-25% in the algometric measurement values will be considered significant. | Change from baseline mechanosensitivity at eight hours and one day |
| Cervical Range of Motion | The effect of wearing a tie on participants' cervical range of motion will be measured using a 10-inch standard manual goniometer. For measuring cervical flexion and extension range of motion, the pivot point of the goniometer will be placed at the external auditory meatus. The fixed arm of the goniometer will be held vertically, and the moving arm will follow along the base of the nostrils. To measure cervical rotation range of motion, measurements will be taken from behind the participants. The pivot point of the goniometer will be placed at the vertex, while the fixed arm will be kept parallel to the acromion and the moving arm will follow along with their nose. Lateral flexion range of motion will be taken in front of the participants. The pivot point of the goniometer will be placed over the sternal notch, with its fixed arm parallel to the acromion and its moving arm will follow along tip of the participants' nose. Each range of motion measurement will be performed three times. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Activity Limitation | The activities that individuals find difficult due to wearing a tie will be assessed using a visual analog scale. Individuals will be asked to rate three activities they find difficult while wearing a tie on a scale from 0 to 10. A score of 0 indicates no difficulty, while a score of 10 indicates that performing the activity is nearly impossible. | Change from baseline activity limitation at eight hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants' gender must be stated as male in their identity
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ömer Dursun, Asst. Prof. | Contact | 5426088687 | +90 | fztomrdrsn@gmail.com |
| Erhan Dincer, M.Sc. | Contact | 5442543857 | +90 | fzterhan@hotmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ömer Dursun, Asst. Prof. | Bitlis Eren University | Principal Investigator |
| Erhan Dincer, M.Sc. | Bitlis Eren University | Principal Investigator |
| Cihan Önen, Asst. Prof. |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitlis Eren University | Bitlis | Merkez | 13000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21709362 | Background | Yoo IG, Kim MH, Yoo WG. Effects of wearing a tight necktie on cervical range of motion and upper trapezius muscle activity during computer work. Work. 2011;39(3):261-6. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2011-1174. | |
| 34684059 | Background | Usgu S, Ramazanoglu E, Yakut Y. The Relation of Body Mass Index to Muscular Viscoelastic Properties in Normal and Overweight Individuals. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Sep 26;57(10):1022. doi: 10.3390/medicina57101022. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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Control group will go on their routine daily activities. Study group will wear a tie during one office working day.
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Interventions and assessment will be performed by separate researchers.
| Change from baseline cervical range of motion at immediate, eight hours and one day |
| Global Rating of Change | In the study group, the Global Rating of Change Scale (GROC) will be used to assess the changes experienced by individuals after wearing a tie. The scale ranges from "-7" to "+7" and consists of a total of 15 points. A score of "-7" indicates a much worse condition, while a score of "+7" indicates a much better condition. | Change from baseline global rating of change at eight hours |
| Trunk Forward Bending Mobility | The potential effect of wearing a tie on trunk flexion mobility will be assessed using the fingertip-to-floor test. In the fingertip-to-floor test, individuals will be asked to stand barefoot and adjacent to a platform of 20 cm in height without bending their knees, toes, or arms, and to lean forward towards their toes. Then, the distance from the ground will be measured using a measuring tape. The measurement will be repeated twice, and the average of the measurements will be taken. | Change from baseline cervical range of motion at immediate, eight hours and one day |
| Trunk Lateral Bending Mobility | The potential effect of wearing a tie on trunk lateral bending mobility will be assessed using the fingertip-to-floor test. In the fingertip-to-floor test, individuals will be asked to stand barefoot and adjacent to a platform of 20 cm in height without bending their knees, toes, or arms, and to bend laterally towards their toes. Then, the distance from the ground to the tip of the middle finger will be measured using a measuring tape. The measurement will be repeated twice, and the average of the measurements will be taken. | Change from baseline cervical range of motion at immediate, eight hours and one day |
| Neck Circumference | While the participant looking straight ahead, with relaxed shoulders (not hunched), middle and lower neck circumference will be measured with the measuring tape. | At baseline |
| Bitlis Eren University |
| Principal Investigator |
| Deniz Akbulut, M.D. | Van Training and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| 34076970 | Background | Ramazanoglu E, Turhan B, Usgu S. Evaluation of the tone and viscoelastic properties of the masseter muscle in the supine position, and its relation to age and gender. Dent Med Probl. 2021 Apr-Jun;58(2):155-161. doi: 10.17219/dmp/132241. |
| 32149135 | Background | Wu Z, Zhu Y, Xu W, Liang J, Guan Y, Xu X. Analysis of Biomechanical Properties of the Lumbar Extensor Myofascia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and That in Healthy People. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Feb 18;2020:7649157. doi: 10.1155/2020/7649157. eCollection 2020. |
| 27232160 | Background | Tawde P, Dabadghav R, Bedekar N, Shyam A, Sancheti P. Assessment of cervical range of motion, cervical core strength and scapular dyskinesia in violin players. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2016 Dec;22(4):572-576. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1181892. Epub 2016 May 27. |
| 1989013 | Background | Youdas JW, Carey JR, Garrett TR. Reliability of measurements of cervical spine range of motion--comparison of three methods. Phys Ther. 1991 Feb;71(2):98-104; discussion 105-6. doi: 10.1093/ptj/71.2.98. |
| 16246820 | Background | Ylinen J, Takala EP, Kautiainen H, Nykanen M, Hakkinen A, Pohjolainen T, Karppi SL, Airaksinen O. Effect of long-term neck muscle training on pressure pain threshold: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain. 2005 Dec;9(6):673-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.01.001. |
| 17996549 | Background | Ruiz-Saez M, Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Blanco CR, Martinez-Segura R, Garcia-Leon R. Changes in pressure pain sensitivity in latent myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle after a cervical spine manipulation in pain-free subjects. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2007 Oct;30(8):578-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2007.07.014. |
| 34507046 | Background | Sanchez-Infante J, Bravo-Sanchez A, Jimenez F, Abian-Vicen J. Effects of dry needling on mechanical and contractile properties of the upper trapezius with latent myofascial trigger points: A randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021 Dec;56:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102456. Epub 2021 Sep 3. |
| 29103836 | Background | Liu CL, Feng YN, Zhang HQ, Li YP, Zhu Y, Zhang ZJ. Assessing the viscoelastic properties of upper trapezius muscle: Intra- and inter-tester reliability and the effect of shoulder elevation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018 Dec;43:226-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Oct 19. |