This study is a single-center, single-arm study. All subjects will receive the same treatment.

Children and adolescents (7-20 years old) with migraine who met the inclusion criteria will be enrolled as subjects in the experimental group, and the changes in headache scores before and after the intervention will be compared. The intervention method is as follows: ictal intervention, in which subjects will be evaluated for headache improvement after a short intervention during an acute exacerbation. By wearing a vagus stimulator, the stimulating electrode will be located in the concha region rich in vagus nerve fiber endings, and the appropriate stimulation intensity will be adjusted for stimulation.

Therefore, this study will verify the effect of nVNS on the acute treatment of primary headache in children and adolescents. Based on the electrocardiogram and electromyography indicators during the intervention process of nVNS, an objective evaluation system for the improvement of headache by nVNS is established, and the role of stimulation parameters on the effect is further explored to realize the optimization of parameters.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with migraine, cluster headache and tension-type headache were diagnosed according to Chinese Guidelines for the diagnosis and Treatment of Migraine (2022 edition) and Chinese Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cluster headache (2022 edition).
2. Age >=7 years old, <=20 years old;
3. Patients have experienced headache on 3-15 days per month in the past;
4. Maintain a stable dose and frequency of medication and do not take new drugs during the course of participating in the trial;
5. They volunteered to participate in the trial and signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of secondary headache, aneurysm, intracranial hemorrhage, brain tumor, severe head trauma, drug abuse, addiction, syncope, or seizures;
2. prior migraine-preventive surgery, cervical vagotomy, or implantation of an electronic or neurostimulator device;
3. Simultaneous use of other devices (e.g., TENS devices, muscle stimulators);
4. An implantable medical device in use, such as a pacemaker, hearing aid, or any implantable electronic device;
5. underwent head and neck nerve block within the past 2 months;
6. Opioid use (more than 2 days per month); Use of analgesics alone or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (more than 15 days per month); Or tamoxifen, ergots or combination analgesics (more than 10 days per month);
7. Patients who underwent cervical vagotomy (cervical vagotomy);
8. Pediatric patients (under 6 years old); Pregnant women;
9. Patients with clinically significant hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia or tachycardia;
10. Patients with congenital heart disease;
11. Mental/cognitive disorders, etc.