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This is a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. A total of 198 postpartum women with depressive symptoms (EPDS scores≥8 at baseline) will be recruited and randomized into two groups: 10-week mindful yoga intervention and 10-week psychoeducation program. Clinical assessment of depression, self-report questionnaires and salivary cortisol tests will be performed at baseline, after 10-week intervention, and at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. The investigators expected that the mindful yoga intervention will reduce depression after 10 weeks compared to psychoeducation. The mindful yoga intervention will further reduce anxiety, stress, improve quality of life and sleep, and steepen diurnal cortisol slopes. These effects will be maintained for at least six months.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful yoga group | Experimental | The participants in experimental group will receive a 10-week mindfulness-based yoga program, one session per week with 1.5 hours in each session. |
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| Psychoeducation group | Active Comparator | The participants in the psychoeducation group will receive a 10-week psychoeducation program, one session per week with 1.5 hours in each session. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness-based yoga program | Behavioral | The intervention includes mindfulness-based components and yoga practice. Once a week for 10 weeks, with 1.5 hours in each session (30 minutes mindfulness-based practice and 1 hour yoga practice). A well-trained research personnel will facilitate the mindfulness-based section, and a qualified yoga instructor will facilitate the yoga section. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | Measures postnatal depression. Each item scores 0-3, and the total score ranges from 0 to 30. Higher score means worse depressive symptoms. | Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-Depression | Measures depressive symptoms. Each item scores 0-3, the total score for depression ranges from 0 to 21. Higher score means worse symptoms of depression. | Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-Anxiety |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Postpartum women with depression.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jessie Lin, PhD | Contact | +852 2766 6718 | jx-jessie.lin@polyu.edu.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jessie Lin, PhD | Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Recruiting | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D019052 | Depression, Postpartum |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D011644 | Puerperal Disorders |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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| Psychoeducation | Other | Knowledge of perinatal mental health, stress-related management, postnatal nutrition, exercise habit and sleep hygiene will be provided to the participants in the psychoeducation group. It is a group-based intervention delivered in hybrid mode including face-to-face and online group-based class. Once a week for 10 weeks, with 1.5 hour in each session. |
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Measures anxiety symptoms. Each item scores 0-3, the total score for anxiety ranges from 0 to 21. Higher score means worse symptoms of anxiety. |
| Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-Stress | Measures stress symptoms. Each item scores 0-3, the total score for stress ranges from 0 to 21. Higher score means worse symptoms of stress. | Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Measures sleep quality. There are 8 components scores, and each component score ranges from 0 to 3. Higher score means worse sleep quality. | Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| 36 Item-Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire | Measures quality of life including physical and mental health. Each item scores 0-100. There are eight subscores ranging from 0 to 100. Higher score means better quality of life. | Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Measures the level of mindfulness ability. Each item scores 1-5, and the total score ranges from 42 to 210. Higher score means better mindfulness ability. | Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| Pregnancy Symptom Inventory | Measures physical pain and fatigue of postpartum women. Each item scores 0-3. The total score ranges from 0 to 24. Higher score means worse pregnancy symptoms. | Baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months and 1 year follow-ups. |
| Cortisol concentration level | Measures salivary cortisol concentration at baseline and post-intervention. Higher concentration means higher level of stress and depression. | Baseline and 10 weeks (post-intervention). |
| Physical fitness | 6-minute walking test is used for physical fitness measure. The total distance walked during 6 minutes is recorded. Higher score means better fitness. | Baseline and 10 weeks (post-intervention). |
| Balance | Single-leg standing test is used to measure the balance. The time to keep the posture is recorded. Higher score means better balance ability. | Baseline and 10 weeks (post-intervention). |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D003866 | Depressive Disorder |