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There are strength and functional differences between non-dominant and dominant extremities. This is important in the hand and extremity rehabilitation process. This situation also differs between genders. Comparison of the dominant and non-dominant limb can provide important clinical or rehabilitation field-related information. It is reported in the literature that manual dexterity, grip strength and joint position sense may differ between extremities. However, the relationship between this situation and the difference between genders has not been explained. It is thought that examining this difference can be extremely useful in determining achievable goals in hand rehabilitation and in customizing care for different groups.
Many treatment protocols compare the strength of the injured extremity to the uninjured extremity or compare it to normative data from the same group of individuals. There is controversy about the difference in grip strength between dominant and non-dominant hands in left- and right-hand dominant individuals. There is no study in the literature that evaluates the differences in muscle strength, joint position sense and upper extremity function skills between dominant and non-dominant upper extremities between genders. It is very important to include bilateral activity training in rehabilitation programs that aim to improve upper extremity mobility and speed. In addition, it will contribute to the accurate evaluation of activity and participation limitations, the determination of priorities, the selection of the right activity in task-specific and target-oriented treatment approaches, and the achievement of more effective results when integrated with technology-supported approaches. Therefore, the aim of our study is to fill this gap in the literature by comparing the differences between dominant and non-dominant upper extremities between genders.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Hand preference was evaluated with the Edinburgh Hand Preference Questionnaire, grip muscle strength with the Jamar dynamometer, dexterity with the Purdue Pegboard Test, and proprioception as joint position sense with the inclinometer. | ||
| Female | Hand preference was evaluated with the Edinburgh Hand Preference Questionnaire, grip muscle strength with the Jamar dynamometer, dexterity with the Purdue Pegboard Test, and proprioception as joint position sense with the inclinometer. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hand Preference | The Edinburgh Hand Preference Questionnaire questions individuals' hand use in daily living activities. The final total score is between 100 and -100. Individuals who score more than 40 points are right-hand; Individuals in this score range from 40 to -40 inclusive are recorded as ambidextrous, and individuals with scores of -40 points and below are left-handed | First Day |
| Grip Strength | Hand grip strength was measured using a standard Jamar Dynamometer. | First Day |
| Joint Position Sense | Proprioception was assessed by joint position sense (JPS) test. Shoulder JPS was assessed using a digital inclinometer | First Day |
| Manual Dexterity | The Purdue Pegboard Test was used to evaluate the functional skill levels of the upper extremities. | First Day |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healthy young adult individuals will be included in the study.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karabük University | Karabük | 78000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34367910 | Result | Bhat AK, Jindal R, Acharya AM. The influence of ethnic differences based on upper limb anthropometry on grip and pinch strength. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jul 15;21:101504. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101504. eCollection 2021 Oct. | |
| 30503041 | Result | Amo-Setien FJ, Leal-Costa C, Abajas-Bustillo R, Gonzalez-Lamuno D, Redondo-Figuero C; EXERNET Research Group. Factors associated with grip strength among adolescents: An observational study. J Hand Ther. 2020 Jan-Mar;33(1):96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Nov 30. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D063507 | Sexism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011287 | Prejudice |
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D063508 | Social Discrimination |
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| 32818689 | Result | Dag F, Erdogan AT. Gender and age differences in absolute and relative handgrip strength of the Turkish population aged 8-27 years. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2020 Dec;39(6):556-563. doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.06.005. Epub 2020 Aug 18. |