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Our study aims to investigate the effect of bacterial overgrowth induced by long-term PPI use on zonulin levels.
The study included a total of 75 participants, with 45 individuals classified as long-term PPI users and 30 as non-PPI users. The PPI user group was defined as those who had been consistently using PPIs (specifically omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole, or rabeprazole) on a daily basis for a minimum of 6 months or at least twice a week for a minimum of 2 years. The control group comprised individuals who had never used PPIs. Venous blood samples were taken from all participants to measure serum zonulin levels.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Using PPI | Experimental | Group receiving a long-term PPI (omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole and rabeprazole) every day for at least 6 months or at least twice a week for at least 2 years. |
|
| Control | Experimental | A control group was formed from individuals who had never used PPI. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood for zonulin level was drawn from the group. | Diagnostic Test | Serum zonulin levels were determined by taking 5 cc blood from the antebrachial veins of the patients. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Zonulin levels in long-term proton pump inhibitor users | Approximately 5 cc of blood was drawn from the antebrachial veins of the patients to determine serum zonulin levels. Serum örnekleri -80 santigrat derecede 3 ay süreyle saklanmıştır. Serum örneklerindeki Zonulin seviyeleri Shanghai Crystal Day Biotech Co, Ltd, Shanghai, Çin'den ticari BT-LAB Human Zonulin ELISA kitleri (Kat. No. E1117Hu) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. The test range of the kit was 2-600 ng/ml. The sensitivity of the test was 1.09 ng/ml. A serum zonulin level above 12 ng/ml was considered positive. | Blood was drawn and collected during the examination and studied collectively after 3 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
The patient group was patients taking long-term PPIs (omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole and rabeprazole) every day for at least 6 months or at least twice a week for at least 2 years.
A control group was formed from individuals who had never used PPI.
Exclusion Criteria:
Those with inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, active gastroenteritis, acute kidney failure, chronic kidney failure, and those who had used antibiotics for any reason in the last 3 months, as well as those receiving probiotic drug support, were not included in the study
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital | Ankara | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16265432 | Background | Fasano A, Shea-Donohue T. Mechanisms of disease: the role of intestinal barrier function in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Sep;2(9):416-22. doi: 10.1038/ncpgasthep0259. | |
| 12404235 | Background | El Asmar R, Panigrahi P, Bamford P, Berti I, Not T, Coppa GV, Catassi C, Fasano A. Host-dependent zonulin secretion causes the impairment of the small intestine barrier function after bacterial exposure. Gastroenterology. 2002 Nov;123(5):1607-15. doi: 10.1053/gast.2002.36578. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001800 | Blood Specimen Collection |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013048 | Specimen Handling |
| D019411 | Clinical Laboratory Techniques |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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Parallel Assignment
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| 29658189 | Background | Haastrup PF, Thompson W, Sondergaard J, Jarbol DE. Side Effects of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: A Review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Aug;123(2):114-121. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13023. Epub 2018 May 24. |
| D011677 | Punctures |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |