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Control of of pain in children is fundamental. TAP block is associated with less side effects compared with other neuraxial techniques especially when done under ultrasound guidance.
Ketorolac has analgesic effect comparable to morphine. Children were arranged randomly into two equal groups, forty-five children in each.
Group (K) (n= 45): received ultrasound guided TAP block with bupivacaine 0.25% (0.5 ml/kg) and ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg).
Group (T) (n =45): received ultrasound guided TAP block with bupivacaine 0.25% (0.5 ml/kg)
This prospective randomized controlled study were carried out in Sohag university hospitals after getting approval from medical research ethics committee and written informed consents from the patients' parents or legal guardians. This study included 90 ASA status I and II children aged 6-12 years undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries.Preoperative assessment:
Before starting, standard monitoring will be as follow:
Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters will be recorded throughout the surgery at fixed intervals (at time of skin incision then after every 5 min till the end of surgery).
Then TAP block were done under ultrasound guidance using either bupivacaine and ketorolac or bupivacaine alone
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| TAP block with bupivacaine and ketorolac | Active Comparator | Ultrasound guided TAP block with bupivacaine 0.25% (0.5 ml/kg) and ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg). |
|
| TAP block with bupivacaine | Active Comparator | ultrasound guided TAP block with bupivacaine 0.25% (0.5 ml/kg). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bupivacain | Drug | analgesia |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 1st analgesic requirement | the time at which the 1st need for analgesia is given. | 24 hours |
| Number of patients who requested analgesia | Number (percentage)of patients who requested analgesia | 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| heart rate | the patient vital sign (beats/min) | 24 hours |
| Total rescue analgesia | Total rescue analgesia in the first 24 h. postoperatively |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Fouad I Soliman, MD | Sohag University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fouad Ibrahim Soliman | Sohag | 52514 | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002045 | Bupivacaine |
| D020910 | Ketorolac |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
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| Ketorolac | Drug | analgesia |
|
| 24 hours |
| Satisfaction of the parents regarding their children analgesia | using 5- point satisfaction scale (1= Very satisfied, 2=Satisfied,3= Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied,4= Dissatisfied, 5= Very dissatisfied). This satisfaction will be done by parents according to the VAS, incidence of side effects and analgesic requirements | 24 hours |
| Number of children in each group who required analgesia in the first 24 h postoperatively | Number of children in each group who required analgesia in the first 24h postoperatively | 24 hours |
| blood pressure | The patients blood pressure (mmHg) | 24 hours |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D000588 |
| Amines |
| D007213 | Indomethacin |
| D007211 | Indoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |