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Upper Extremity Rotation Test is a new test the evaluates 90-90 position, which is one of the requirements for overhead throwing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test in overhead athletes and the relationship between the Closed Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test.
Upper Extremity Rotation Test is a new test the evaluates 90-90 position, which is one of the requirements for overhead throwing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test in overhead athletes and the relationship between the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. Upper Extremity Rotation Test was found to be reliable in overhead athletes. Upper Extremity Rotation Test showed high reliability in overhead atheletes. There was no correlation between the Upper Exremity Rotation Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. A moderate corelation was found between the Upper Extremity Rotation Test and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| handball players | Other | Handball players aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years. |
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| volleyball players | Other | volleyball players aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years. |
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| basketball players | Other | Basketball aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper Limb Rotation Test | Diagnostic Test | The athlete is positioned with the shoulder, elbow lateral epicondyle, greater trochanter, and ankle lateral malleolus in contact with the wall. In the push-up position, the elbows are started at shoulder height with a 90° bend, and the feet are placed in a shoulder-width apart position. Athletes are instructed to perform a rotation of the shoulder and trunk by touching a vertically placed band on the wall for 15 seconds in the position of 90° abduction and 90° external rotation of the shoulder. The tested side is the upper extremity where the closed kinetic chain position is maintained. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The reliability of Upper Extremity Rotation Test | The reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test was evaluated. | January 2022 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Relationship Assessment of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test | The relationship between the Upper Extremity Rotation Test and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test was evaluated. | February 2022 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Birgül Dıngırdan, Master's | Sakarya Applied Sciences University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birgül Dıngırdan | Kocaeli | İzmit | Turkey (Türkiye) | |||
| Hacettepe University |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40325628 | Derived | Dingirdan Gultekinler B, Bayrakci Tunay V. The reliability of upper limb rotation test in overhead athletes and its relationship with selected upper extremity performance tests. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2025 Jun;42:1002-1010. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.03.012. Epub 2025 Mar 4. |
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handball, volleyball and basketball players 18-30 years Someone who has been participating in sports for at least three years and trains at least three times a week
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| Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test | Diagnostic Test | Athletes were placed in a push-up position with a distance of 91.44 centimeters (cm) (3 feet) between their hands for the test position. Subsequently, they were instructed to touch one hand to the other as quickly as possible. The total number of touches within a 15-second period was recorded. Modified push-up position was used for women, and regular push-up position for men during this time. Prior to the test, a familiarization trial consisting of 5 repetitions was performed. The test was then repeated 3 times, and the average of these repetitions was recorded as the score. Individuals were given a 45-second rest period between repetitions. The normalized score, representing the touch count per individual's height, was calculated. The power score was obtained by multiplying the touch count by 68% of the individual's body weight in kilograms. |
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| Upper Quarter Y Balance Test | Diagnostic Test | The Upper Extremity Y Balance Test was created using three rulers placed on the ground in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The rulers in the superolateral and inferolateral directions were positioned at a 90° angle to each other, while the ruler in the medial direction was placed at a 135° angle with respect to these two directions. In this test, both arms started in a push-up position with shoulder-width apart. The athlete was then instructed to touch, using their non-dominant hand, the maximum reachable point in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. |
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| Ankara |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |